Experimental Observation of Optically Trapped Atoms

Authors: Steven Chu, J. E. Bjorkholm, A. Ashkin, A. Cable - Physical Review Letters 1986 cited by 802

We report the first observation of optically trapped atoms. Sodium atoms cooled below ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ K in "optical molasses" are captured by a dipole-force optical trap created by a single, strongly focused, Gaussian laser beam tuned several hundred gigahertz below the ${D}_{1}$ resonance transition. We estimate that about 500 atoms are confined in a volume of about ${10}^{3}$ \ensuremath{\mu}${\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ at a density of ${10}^{11}$-${10}^{12}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. Trap lifetimes are limited by background pressure to several seconds. The observed trapping behavior is in good quantitative agreement with theoretical expectations.