Carcinogenicity of cobalt, antimony compounds, and weapons-grade tungsten alloy

Authors: Margaret R Karagas, Amy Wang, David C Dorman, Amy L Hall, Jingbo Pi, Consolato M Sergi, Elaine Symanski, Elizabeth M Ward, Victoria H Arrandale, Kenichi Azuma, Eduardo Brambila, Gloria M Calaf, Jason M Fritz, Shoji Fukushima, Joanna M Gaitens, Tom K Grimsrud, Lei Guo, Elsebeth Lynge, Amélia P Marinho-Reis, Melissa A McDiarmid, Daniel R S Middleton, Thomas P Ong, David A Polya, Betzabet Quintanilla-Vega, Georgia K Roberts, Tiina Santonen, Riitta Sauni, Maria J Silva, Pascal Wild, Changwen W Zhang, Qunwei Zhang, Yann Grosse, Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Aline de Conti, Nathan L DeBono, Fatiha El Ghissassi, Federica Madia, Bradley Reisfeld, Leslie T Stayner, Eero Suonio, Susana Viegas, Roland Wedekind, Shukrullah Ahmadi, Heidi Mattock, William M Gwinn, Mary K Schubauer-Berigan - The Lancet 2022 cited by 49

In March, 2022, a Working Group of 31 scientists from 13 countries met remotely at the invitation of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to finalise their evaluation of the carcinogenicity of nine agents: cobalt metal (without tungsten carbide or other metal alloys), soluble cobalt(II) salts, cobalt(II) oxide, cobalt(II,III) oxide, cobalt(II) sulfide, other cobalt(II) compounds, trivalent antimony, pentavalent antimony, and weapons-grade tungsten (with nickel and cobalt) alloy.