3-D optimized classification and characterization artificial intelligence paradigm for cardiovascular/stroke risk stratification using carotid ultrasound-based delineated plaque: Atheromatic™ 2.0

Authors: Sanagala S. Skandha, Suneet Gupta, Luca Saba, Vijaya Kumar Koppula, Amer M. Johri, Narendra N. Khanna, Sophie Mavrogeni, John R. Laird, Gyan Pareek, Martin Miner, Petros P. Sfikakis, Athanasios Protogerou, Durga Prasanna Misra, Vikas Agarwal, Aditya Sharma, Vijay Viswanathan, Vijay Rathore, Monika Turk, Raghu Kolluri, Klaudija Višković, Elisa Cuadrado‐Godia, George D. Kitas, Andrew Nicolaides, Jasjit S. Suri - Computers in Biology and Medicine 2002 cited by 90

The performance order of the three AI systems was DCNN > tCNN > ML. Bispectrum-based on higher-order spectra proved a powerful paradigm for plaque tissue characterization. Overall, the AI-based systems offer a powerful solution for plaque tissue classification and characterization.