A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat

Authors: Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Diana Romero, Christopher J. Kopka, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Laith J. Abu‐Raddad, Gisele Almeida, Ricardo Baptista‐Leite, Joshua A. Barocas, Maurício L. Barreto, Yaneer Bar-Yam, Quique Bassat, Carolina Batista, Morgan Bazilian, Shu‐Ti Chiou, Carlos del Rı́o, Gregory J. Dore, George F. Gao, Lawrence O. Gostin, Margaret Hellard, J. L. Jiménez, Gagandeep Kang, Nancy Y. Lee, Mojca Matičič, Martin McKee, Sabin Nsanzimana, Miquel Oliu‐Barton, Bary Pradelski, Oksana Pyzik, Kenneth Rabin, Sunil Kumar Raina, Sabina Faiz Rashid, Magdalena Rathe, Rocío Sáenz, Sudhvir Singh, Malene Trock-Hempler, Sonia Villapol, Peiling Yap, Agnès Binagwaho, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Ayman El-Mohandes, The COVID-19 Consensus Statement Panel, Maurício L. Barreto, Carlos del Rı́o, Salim Abdulla, Sarah Addleman, Gulnara Aghayeva, Raymond Agius, Mohammed Ahmed, Mohamed Ramy, Pedro Aíde, Soo Aleman, Jean-Patrick Alfred, Shamim Ali, J. Aliaga, Tammam Aloudat, Saleh A. Alqahtani, Jameela Alsalman, John Amuasi, Anurag Agrawal, Wagida A. Anwar, Tânia Cremonini de Araújo-Jorge, Osvaldo Artaza, Leyla Asadi, Yaw Asante Awuku, Michael G. Baker, Lorena Barberia, Ernesto Báscolo, Paul Belcher, Lizett Bell, Adele Schwartz Benzaken, Emil J. Bergholtz, Nahid Bhadelia, Anant Bhan, Stéphane Bilodeau, Ricardo Bitrán, Philomena M. Bluyssen, A Bosman, Fernando A. Bozza, Melanie M. Brinkmann, Andrew Brown, B. Mellado, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, Chris Bullen, Giorgio Buonanno, Rochelle A. Burgess, Matthew Butler, Pauline Byakika‐Kibwika, Báltica Cabieses, Gunilla Carlsson, Fidelia Cascini, Chishala Chabala, M. Chakroun, Kar Keung Cheng, Agnes Chetty, Dmytro Chumachenko, Gregg Consalves, Andrew Conway Morris, Ahmed Cordie, Tumani Corrah, Brenda Crabtree‐Ramírez, Naranjargal Dashdorj, Nadav Davidovitch, Luís Eugênio Portela Fernandes de Souza, A C Dhariwal, Elena Druică, Önder Ergönül, Ngozi Erondu, Mohammad Yasir Essar, Andrew G. Ewing, Gonzalo Fanjul, Daniel Feierstein, Eric L. Ding, Ramón Figueroa, J. Peter Figueroa, Dale Fisher, Walter Flores, David A. Forero‐Peña, Howard Frumkin, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Monica Gandhi, Patricia García, Alberto L. García‐Basteiro, Adolfo García‐Sastre, Suneela Garg, Fifonsi Adjidossi Gbeasor‐Komlanvi, Carlos Gershenson, Ishwar Gilada, Lígia Giovanella, Marino González, Manfred S. Green, Trisha Greenhalgh, Paul Griffin, Stephen Griffin, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Tanu Anand, Germán Guerra, Renzo Guinto, Mariusz Gujski, Rahmet Güner, Adam Hamdy, Marian-Gabriel Hâncean, Abusayeed Haniffa, Kenneth Hartigan‐Go, Hoda K. Hassan, Simon I Hay, Matti T. J. Heino, Zdeněk Hel, Peter J. Hotez, Jia Hu, Mirsada Hukić, Carel IJsselmuiden, Davidson Iroko, Maged Iskarous, Chimaraoke Izugbara, Choolwe Jacobs, Alejandro R. Jadad, Fyezah Jehan, Ayana Jordan, Imane Jroundi, Kevin C. Kain, Fatjona Kamberi, Karamov Ev, Abraar Karan, Rebecca Katz, Aris Katzourakis, Abigail Kazembe, Faryal Khamis, Komiljon Khamzayev, Judy Khanyola, Kamlesh Khunti, Elsie Kiguli-Malwadde, Woo Joo Kim, Bruce Kirenga, Daniel Klimovský, Brittany Kmush, Felícia Marie Knaul, Manolis Kogevinas, F. Kristensen, Dinesh Kumar, Raman Kumar, Amanda Kvalsvig, Marcus Lacerda, Arush Lal, Tom Lawton, Jay Lemery, Anthony Leonardi, Yuguo Li, Jan Löttvall, Mohamed Lounis, Daniel Maceira, C. Raina MacIntyre, Azzeddine Madani, Gkikas Magiorkinis, Reza Malekzadeh, Marc Choisy, Jasmine R Marcelin, Guy B. Marks, Linsey C. Marr, Jeanne Marrazzo, Antonieta Martina, José María Martín-Moreno, Carlos Mateos, Mayfong Mayxay, Jean Bapiste Mazarati, Souleymane Mboup, Jennifer S. McDonald, Faye McMillan, Enkeleint A. Mechili, André C. Medici, Sarah Davis, Petra Meier, Ziad A. Memish, Jaideep Menon, Purnima Menon, Jonathan Mesiano‐Crookston, Susan Michie, Ivana Mikolašević, Ognjen Milićević, Asit Kumar Mishra, Rahma Mohamed, Ali H. Mokdad, Michele Monroy-Valle, Lídia Morawska, Sterghios Moschos, Karam R. Motawea, Sayed Hamid Mousavi, Ghina R. Mumtaz, Peter Munene, Carmen Muñoz‐Almagro, Janet Muriuki, Sylvia Kiwuwa Muyingo, Denise Naniche, C. David Naylor, Nicaise Ndembi, Juraj Nemec, Igor Nesteruk, Christine Ngaruiya, Hung Q. Nguyen, Dafina Nikolova, Dorit Nitzan, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Mohammed Noushad, Francine Ntoumi, Gunhild Alvik Nyborg, Eleanor Ochodo, Zekaver Odabaşı, Mbah Patrick Okwen, Olivia Keiser, David S. Y. Ong, Ijeoma Nnodim Opara, Miguel Rodríguez Orozco, Hitoshi Oshitani, Christina Pagel, Madhukar Pai, Björg Pálsdóttir, Georgios Papatheodoridis, Dimitrios Paraskevis, Jeanna Parsons Leigh, Bernard Pécoul, Andreas Peichl, Eddy Pérez-Then, Phuc Pham Ðuc, Cécile Philippe, Andrea Pineda Rojas, Courtney Pladsen, Anton Pozniak, Rodrigo Quiroga, Huma Qureshi, Sanjay Rampal, Megan L. Ranney, Laura Rathe, Scott C. Ratzan, Henriette Raventós, Helen Rees, Renata Karina Reis, Walter Ricciardi, Nesrine Rizk, Magda Robalo, Eleanor Robertson, Leanne J. Robinson, Casper Rokx, Tamsin Ros, John-Arne Røttingen, Meir Rubin, Kiat Ruxrungtam, Shakhlo Sadirova, Senjuti Saha, Nelly Salgado, Lizet Sánchez, Thurka Sangaramoorthy, Carolina Santamaría‐Ulloa, Renata Ferreira dos Santos, Bisher Sawaf, Matthias F. Schneider, Robert T. Schooley, Alper Şener, Jaime Sepúlveda, Jaffer Shah, Mosa Shibani, Sheikh Shoib, Izukanji Sikazwe, Aistis Šimaitis, Amandeep S. Gill, Natia Skhvitaridze, Milka Sokolović, Roma Solomon, Xavier Solórzano, Sandra A. Springer, Jakub Šrol, Anthony Staines, Henry T. Stelfox, Steffanie A. Strathdee, Lokman Hakim Sulaiman, Brett Sutton, Dag Svanæs, Sarya Swed, Vana Sypsa, Kristine Sørensen, Raji Tajudeen, Amy Tan, Julian W. Tang, Marcel Tanner, Tavpritesh Sethi, Marleen Temmerman, Kyu Kyu Than, Halidou Tinto, Sênoudé Pacôme Tomètissi, Irene Torres, K. P. Tshering, Sotirios Tsiodras, Benjamin Tsofa, Anders Vahlne, Juan Rafael Vargas, Iván Darío Vélez, Deisy de Freitas Lima Ventura, Rafael Vilasanjuan, Joe Vipond, Sarah Wamala Andersson, Pawel Wargocki, Robert West, Angela C. Weyand, Trenton M. White, Guntram B. Wolff, Maosheng Yao, Christian A. Yates, Georgina Yeboah, Leo Yee-Sin, Siyan Yi, Yik-Ying Teo, Poovorawan Yong, Victor Zamora-Mesía, Anne Øvrehus - Nature 2022 cited by 238

Abstract Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic 1,2 . Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication; health systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment and care; and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches 1 , while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach 2 that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities 3 in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.