Time-Integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 Years of IceCube Data

Authors: M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, Cyril Martin Alispach, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, Spencer Axani, Paul Backes, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, Aswathi Balagopal, Anastasia Maria Barbano, S. W. Barwick, Benjamin Bastian, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, Summer Blot, C. C. Ohm, M. Börner, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, Etienne Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, Federica Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, Jannes Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, J. Büscher, R. S. Busse, T. Carver, Kunal Deoskar, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, K. Clark, Lew Classen, Alan Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, Paul Coppin, Pablo Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, Pranav Dave, C. De Clercq, James DeLaunay, H.-P. Dembinski, Kunal Deoskar, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, A. F. Díaz, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, Hrvoje Dujmović, M. Dunkman, Emily Dvorak, B. Eberhardt, Thomas Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, D. B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, Edward Friedman, Alexander Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. S. Gallagher, Erik Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, Theo Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, Spencer Griswold, M. Günder, Mehmet Gündüz, Christian Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, A. Haungs, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, P. Heix, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, Felix Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, Tobias Hoinka, Benjamin Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. E. Huber, Thomas Huber, K. Hultqvist, Mirco Hünnefeld, Raamis Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, G. S. Japaridze, Minjin Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, F. Jonske, R. Joppe, Donghwa Kang, Woosik Kang, A. Kappes, David Kappesser, T. Karg, Martina Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, Ali Kheirandish, J. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, Ramesh Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, Claudio Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, M. Labare, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, Frederik Hermann Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, Agnieszka Leszczyńska, M. Leuermann, Qinrui Liu, Elisa Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, Francesco Lucarelli, J. Lünemann, William Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y., J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, Yuya Makino, P. Mallik, K. Mallot, Sarah Mancina, Ioana Codrina Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, H. S. Matis, R. Maunu, Frank McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, Andrés Medina, Maximilian Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, Jessie Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, Marjon Moulai, P. Muth, R. Nagai, Uwe Naumann, G. Neer, Hans Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, Sarah Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, A. O’Murchadha, Erin O’Sullivan, T. Palczewski, Hershal Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, Saskia Philippen, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Alessio Porcelli, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, Christoph Raab, Amirreza Raissi, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Renschler, Giovanni Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, S. Robertson, Martin Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, Alexander Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, Sourav Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, Frank Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, Juliana Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, Todor Stanev, Robert Stein, Peter Steinmüller, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter–Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, Christoph Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, Alexander Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, Martin Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, J. van Santen, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, N. Wandkowsky, Timothyblake Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, Chris Wendt, J. Werthebach, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, Martin Wolf, J. Wood, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, D. L. Xu, Xiaolin Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, Tianlu Yuan, M. Zöcklein - Physical Review Letters 2020 cited by 442

This Letter presents the results from pointlike neutrino source searches using ten years of IceCube data collected between April 6, 2008 and July 10, 2018. We evaluate the significance of an astrophysical signal from a pointlike source looking for an excess of clustered neutrino events with energies typically above ∼1 TeV among the background of atmospheric muons and neutrinos. We perform a full-sky scan, a search within a selected source catalog, a catalog population study, and three stacked Galactic catalog searches. The most significant point in the northern hemisphere from scanning the sky is coincident with the Seyfert II galaxy NGC 1068, which was included in the source catalog search. The excess at the coordinates of NGC 1068 is inconsistent with background expectations at the level of 2.9σ after accounting for statistical trials from the entire catalog. The combination of this result along with excesses observed at the coordinates of three other sources, including TXS 0506+056, suggests that, collectively, correlations with sources in the northern catalog are inconsistent with background at 3.3σ significance. The southern catalog is consistent with background. These results, all based on searches for a cumulative neutrino signal integrated over the 10 years of available data, motivate further study of these and similar sources, including time-dependent analyses, multimessenger correlations, and the possibility of stronger evidence with coming upgrades to the detector.