Impact of Early Valve Surgery on Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Valve Infective Endocarditis: Analysis in the International Collaboration of Endocarditis–Prospective Cohort Study

Authors: Catherine Chirouze, François Alla, François Alla, Vance G. Fowler, Daniel J. Sexton, G. Ralph Corey, Andrew Wang, Marie‐Line Erpelding, Emanuele Durante‐Mangoni, Nuria Fernández‐Hidalgo, Efthymia Giannitsioti, Margaret M. Hannan, Tatjana Lejko-Zupanc, José M. Miró, Patricia Muñóz, Patricia Muñoz, Pierre Tattevin, Christophe Tribouilloy, Bruno Hoen, Bruno Hoen, Liliana Clara, Marisa Sánchez, Francisco Nacinovich, P. Fernandez Oses, Ricardo Ronderos, Adriana Sucari, Jorge Thierer, José Casabé, Claudia Cortés, Javier Altclas, Silvia Kogan, Denis Spelman, Eugene Athan, Owen Harris, Karina Kennedy, Ren Tan, David Gordon, Lito E. Papanicolas, Damon P. Eisen, Leeanne Grigg, Alan Street, Tony M. Korman, Despina Kotsanas, Robyn Dever, Robyn Dever, Pam Koneçny, Richard Lawrence, David Rees, Suzanne Ryan, Michael P. Feneley, John Harkness, John Harkness, Suzanne Ryan, Suzanne Ryan, Suzanne Ryan, Suzanne Ryan, Jeffrey J. Post, Porl Reinbott, Porl Reinbott, Rainer Gattringer, Franz Wiesbauer, Adriana Ribas Andrade, Ana Cláudia Passos de Brito, Armênio Costa Guimarães, Max Grinberg, Alfredo José Mansur, Rinaldo Focaccia Siciliano, Tânia Mara Varejão Strabelli, Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira, Regina Aparecida de Medeiros Tranchesi, Marcelo Goulart Paiva, Cláudio Querido Fortes, Auristela de Oliveira Ramos, G. Ferraiuoli, W. Golebiovski, Cristiane da Cruz Lamas, Marisa Santos, Clara Weksler, James A. Karlowsky, Yoav Keynan, Andrew M. Morris, Ethan Rubinstein, Sandra Braun Jones, Patricia García, Mauricio Cereceda, Alberto Fíca, Rodrigo Montagna Mella, Bruno Baršić, Suzana Bukovski, Vladimir Krajinović, Ana Pangerčić, Igor Rudež, Josip Vincelj, Tomáš Freiberger, Jiří Pol, Barbora Žaloudíková, Zainab Ashour, Amani El‐Kholy, Marwa Mishaal, Hussien Rizk, N. Aissa, Corentine Alauzet, François Alla, Catherine Campagnac, Thanh Doco‐Lecompte, Christine Selton‐Suty, Jean‐Paul Casalta, Pierre‐Edouard Fournier, G. Habib, Didier Raoult, Franck Thuny, François Delahaye, Armelle Delahaye, François Vandenesch, Erwan Donal, Pierre Yves Donnio, C. Michelet, Matthieu Revest, Pierre Tattevin, Jérémie Violette, Florent Chevalier, Antoine Jeu, Claire Sorel, Christophe Tribouilloy, Yvette Bernard, Yvette Bernard, Bruno Hoen, J. Leroy, Patrick Plésiat, Christoph Naber, Carl Neuerburg, Bahram Mazaheri, Christoph Naber, Carl Neuerburg, Sofia Athanasia, Carl Neuerburg, Elena Mylona, O. Paniara, Konstantinos Papanicolaou, John Pyros, Athanasios Skoutelis, Gautam Sharma, Johnson Francis, Lathi Nair, Vinod Thomas, Krishnan Venugopal, Margaret M. Hannan, John P. Hurley, Dan Gilon, Sarah Israel, Maya Korem, Jacob Strahilevitz, Ethan Rubinstein, Jacob Strahilevitz, R. Casillo, Susanna Cuccurullo, Giovanni Dialetto, Emanuele Durante‐Mangoni, M Irene, Enrico Ragone, Marie Françoise Tripodi, Riccardo Utili, Enrico Cecchi, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Davide Forno, Massimo Imazio, Rita Trinchero, Alessandro Tebini, Paolo Grossi, Mariangela Lattanzio, Antonio Toniolo, Antonio Goglio, Annibale Raglio, Veronica Ravasio, Marco Rizzi, Fredy Suter, Giampiero Carosi, Silvia Magri, Liana Signorini, Tania A. Baban, Zeina A. Kanafani, Souha S. Kanj, Mohamad Yasmin, Imran Zainal Abidin, Syahidah Syed Tamin, Eduardo Rivera Martínez, Gabriel Israel Soto Nieto, Jan T. M. van der Meer, Stephen T. Chambers, David J. Holland, Arthur Morris, Nigel Raymond, Kerry Read, Nigel Raymond, Stefan I. Dragulescu, Adina Ionac, Cristian Mornoş, O. M. Butkevich, Н. С. Чипигина, Ozerecky Kirill, Kulichenko Vadim, Tatiana Vinogradova, Jameela Edathodu, Magid Halim, Luh-Nah Lum, Ru‐San Tan, Tatjana Lejko-Zupanc, Mateja Logar, Manica Mueller‐Premru, Patrick Commerford, Anita Commerford, Eduan Deetlefs, Cass Hansa, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Manuel Almela, Yolanda Armero, Manuel Azqueta, Ximena Castañeda, Carlos Cervera, Ximena Castañeda, Carlos Falces, Cristina Garcia-de-la-Maria, Guillermina Fita, José M. Gatell, Francesc Marco, Carlos A. Mestres, José M. Miró, Asunción Moreno, Salvador Pié i Ninot, Carlos Paré, Salvador Ninot, J. M. Ramírez, Irene Rovira, Marta Sitges, Ignasi Anguera, Bernat Font, Joan Raimón Gumà, Javier Bermejo, Emilio Bouza, Miguel Ángel García Fernández, Víctor José González Ramallo, Mercedes Marín, Patricia Muñóz, Miguel Pedromingo, J. Roda, Marta Rodríguez‐Créixems, Jorge Solı́s, Benito Almirante, Nuria Fernández‐Hidalgo, Pilar Tornos, Arístides de Alarcón, Ricardo Parra, Eric Alestig, Magnus Johansson, Eric Alestig, Ulrika Snygg‐Martin, Orathai Pachirat, Pimchitra Pachirat, Burabha Pussadhamma, Vichai Senthong, Anna Casey, Tom Elliott, Peter Lambert, Richard Watkin, Christina Eyton, John L. Klein, Suzanne Bradley, Carol A. Kauffman, Roger Bedimo, Vivian H. Chu, G. Ralph Corey, Anna Lisa Crowley, Pamela S. Douglas, Laura Drew, Pamela Douglas, Thomas L Holland, Tahaniyat Lalani, Daniel W. Mudrick, Tahaniyat Lalani, Daniel J. Sexton, Martín E. Stryjewski, Andrew Wang, Christopher W. Woods, Stamatios Lerakis, Robert Cantey, Lisa L. Steed, Dannah Wray, Stuart A. Dickerman, Hector Bonilla, Joseph R. DiPersio, Sara‐Jane Salstrom, John W. Baddley, Mukesh Patel, Gail Peterson, Amy Stancoven, Luís Afonso, Theresa Kulman, Donald P. Levine, Michael J. Rybak, Christopher H. Cabell, Khaula Baloch, Christopher H. Cabell, G. Ralph Corey, Christy C. Dixon, Vance G. Fowler, Tina Harding, Marian Jones‐Richmond, Paul Pappas, Lawrence P. Park, Thomas Redick, Judy Stafford, Kevin J. Anstrom, Eugene Athan, Arnold S. Bayer, Christopher H. Cabell, Arnold S. Bayer, G. Ralph Corey, Vivian H. Chu, Bruno Hoen, Adolf W. Karchmer, José M. Miró, David Murdoch, José M. Miró, Andrew Wang, Arnold S. Bayer, Christopher H. Cabell, Vivian H. Chu, Christopher H. Cabell, David T. Durack, Susannah Eykyn, David T. Durack, Bruno Hoen, José M. Miró, Phillipe Moreillon, José M. Miró, Didier Raoult, Ethan Rubinstein, Didier Raoult, Ethan Rubinstein, Daniel J. Sexton - Clinical Infectious Diseases 2014 cited by 113

BACKGROUND: The impact of early valve surgery (EVS) on the outcome of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVIE) is unresolved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between EVS, performed within the first 60 days of hospitalization, and outcome of SA PVIE within the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study. METHODS: Participants were enrolled between June 2000 and December 2006. Cox proportional hazards modeling that included surgery as a time-dependent covariate and propensity adjustment for likelihood to receive cardiac surgery was used to evaluate the impact of EVS and 1-year all-cause mortality on patients with definite left-sided S. aureus PVIE and no history of injection drug use. RESULTS: EVS was performed in 74 of the 168 (44.3%) patients. One-year mortality was significantly higher among patients with S. aureus PVIE than in patients with non-S. aureus PVIE (48.2% vs 32.9%; P = .003). Staphylococcus aureus PVIE patients who underwent EVS had a significantly lower 1-year mortality rate (33.8% vs 59.1%; P = .001). In multivariate, propensity-adjusted models, EVS was not associated with 1-year mortality (risk ratio, 0.67 [95% confidence interval, .39-1.15]; P = .15). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective, multinational cohort of patients with S. aureus PVIE, EVS was not associated with reduced 1-year mortality. The decision to pursue EVS should be individualized for each patient, based upon infection-specific characteristics rather than solely upon the microbiology of the infection causing PVIE.