The DESI Experiment Part I: Science,Targeting, and Survey Design

Authors: DESI Collaboration, Amir Aghamousa, Aguilar, Jessica, Steve Ahlen, Shadab Alam, Allen, Lori E., Carlos Prieto, J. Annis, S. Bailey, Christophe Balland, O. Ballester, C. Baltay, L. Beaufore, C. Bebek, Timothy C. Beers, Eric F. Bell, José Luis Bernal, Robert Besuner, Florian Beutler, Chris Blake, Hannes Bleuler, Michael Blomqvist, Robert Blum, A. Bolton, César Briceño, David J. Brooks, Joel R. Brownstein, E. Buckley‐Geer, A. Burden, Etienne Burtin, Nicolás G. Busca, R. N. Cahn, Yan-Chuan Cai, L. Cardiel-Sas, R. G. Carlberg, Pierre-Henri Carton, R. Casas, F. J. Castander, Jorge L. Cervantes–Cota, T. Claybaugh, Madeline Close, Carl T. Coker, Shaun Cole, Johan Comparat, Andrew P. Cooper, M.-C. Cousinou, Martín Crocce, Jean-Gabriel Cuby, Daniel P. Cunningham, T. M. Davis, Kyle S. Dawson, Axel de La Macorra, Juan de Vicente, Timothée Delubac, Mark Derwent, Arjun Dey, Govinda Dhungana, Zhejie Ding, Peter Doel, Yutong T. Duan, Anne Ealet, Jerry Edelstein, Sarah Eftekharzadeh, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Ann Elliott, S. Escoffier, Matthew Evatt, Parker Fagrelius, Xiaohui Fan, Kevin Fanning, Arya Farahi, Jay Farihi, Ginevra Favole, Feng Yu, Enrique Fernandez, Joseph Findlay, Douglas P. Finkbeiner, Michael J. Fitzpatrick, B. Flaugher, Samuel Flender, Andreu Font-Ribera, J. E. Forero-Romero, P. Fosalba, Carlos S. Frenk, Michele Fumagalli, Boris Gaensicke, Giuseppe Gallo, J. García-Bellido, E. Gaztañaga, N. P. Gentile Fusillo, Terry Gerard, Irena Gershkovich, Tommaso Giannantonio, Denis Gillet, Guillermo Gonzalez-De-Rivera, Violeta González-Pérez, Shelby Gott, Or Graur, G. Gutiérrez, Julien Guy, Salman Habib, Henry Heetderks, Ian Heetderks, Katrin Heitmann, Wojciech A. Hellwing, David A. Herrera, Shirley Ho, S. Holland, Klaus Honscheid, Eric Huff, Timothy A. Hutchinson, Dragan Huterer, Ho Seong Hwang, Joseph Maria Illa Laguna, Yuzo Ishikawa, Dianna Jacobs, Niall Jeffrey, Patrick Jelinsky, Elise Jennings, Lin‐Hua Jiang, Jorge Jiménez, Jennifer L. Johnson, Richard Joyce, Eric Jullo, Stéphanie Juneau, Sami Kama, Armin Karcher, Sonia Karkar, Robert Kehoe, Noble Kennamer, Stephen J Kent, M. Kilbinger, Alex Kim, D. Kirkby, Theodore Kisner, Ellie Kitanidis, Jean‐Paul Kneib, S. E. Koposov, E. Kovacs, K. Koyama, Anthony Kremin, Richard G. Kron, Luzius Kronig, Andrea Kueter-Young, C. G. Lacey, Robin Lafever, Ofer Lahav, Andrew Lambert, M. Lampton, Martin Landriau, Dustin Lang, Tod R. Lauer, Goff, Jean-Marc Le, Guillou, Laurent Le, Van Suu, Auguste Le, Jaehyeon Lee, Su-Jeong Lee, Daniela Leitner, Michael Lesser, M. E. Levi, Benjamin L’Huillier, Baojiu Li, Ming Liang, Huan Lin, Eric Linder, Sarah R. Loebman, Zarija Lukić, Jun Ma, N. MacCrann, Christophe Magneville, Laleh Makarem, Marc Manera, Christopher J. Manser, Robert Marshall, Paul Martini, R. Massey, T. Matheson, Jeremy McCauley, Patrick McDonald, Ian D. McGreer, Aaron Meisner, N. Metcalfe, Timothy N. Miller, Ramon Miquel, John Moustakas, Adam Myers, Milind Naik, Jeffrey A. Newman, Robert C. Nichol, Andrina Nicola, Luiz Nicolati da Costa, J. Nie, Gustavo Niz, P. Norberg, B. Nord, Dara Norman, P. Nugent, Thomas O'Brien, Minji Oh, Knut Olsen, Padilla, Cristobal, Hamsa Padmanabhan, Nikhil Padmanabhan, N. Palanque‐Delabrouille, A. Palmese, Daniel Pappalardo, Isabelle Pâris, Changbom Park, Anna Patej, J. A. Peacock, Hiranya V. Peiris, Xiyan Peng, Will J. Percival, S. Perruchot, Matthew M. Pieri, Richard Pogge, Jennifer E. Pollack, Claire Poppett, Francisco Prada, Abhishek Prakash, R. G. Probst, D. Rabinowitz, Anand Raichoor, Chang H. Ree, Alexandre Réfrégier, Xavier Régal, Beth Reid, Kevin Reil, Mehdi Rezaie, Constance M. Rockosi, Natalie Roe, Samuel Ronayette, A. Roodman, Ashley J. Ross, Nicholas P. Ross, Graziano Rossi, Eduardo Rozo, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, E. S. Rykoff, Cristiano G. Sabiu, Lado Samushia, E. Sánchez, Javier Sánchez, David J. Schlegel, Michael Schneider, M. Schubnell, A. Secroun, Uros Seljak, Hee‐Jong Seo, S. Serrano, Arman Shafieloo, Huanyuan Shan, R. M. Sharples, Michael J. Sholl, William Van Shourt, J. Silber, David R. Silva, Martin M. Sirk, Anže Slosar, A. G. Smith, George F. Smoot, Debopam Som, Yong‐Seon Song, David Sprayberry, Ryan Staten, Andy Stefanik, G. Tarlé, Suk Sien Tie, Jeremy L. Tinker, Rita Tojeiro, Francisco Valdes, O. Valenzuela, Monica Valluri, M. Vargas-Magaña, Licia Verde, A. R. Walker, Jiali Wang, Yuting Wang, Benjamin A. Weaver, Curtis Weaverdyck, Risa H. Wechsler, David H. Weinberg, Martin White, Qian Yang, Christophe Yèche, Tianmeng Zhang, Gong‐Bo Zhao, Yi Zheng, Xu Zhou, Zhimin Zhou, Yaling Zhu, Hu Zou, Ying Zu - arXiv 2016 cited by 1,248

DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment that will study baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and the growth of structure through redshift-space distortions with a wide-area galaxy and quasar redshift survey. To trace the underlying dark matter distribution, spectroscopic targets will be selected in four classes from imaging data. We will measure luminous red galaxies up to $z=1.0$. To probe the Universe out to even higher redshift, DESI will target bright [O II] emission line galaxies up to $z=1.7$. Quasars will be targeted both as direct tracers of the underlying dark matter distribution and, at higher redshifts ($ 2.1 < z < 3.5$), for the Ly-$α$ forest absorption features in their spectra, which will be used to trace the distribution of neutral hydrogen. When moonlight prevents efficient observations of the faint targets of the baseline survey, DESI will conduct a magnitude-limited Bright Galaxy Survey comprising approximately 10 million galaxies with a median $z\approx 0.2$. In total, more than 30 million galaxy and quasar redshifts will be obtained to measure the BAO feature and determine the matter power spectrum, including redshift space distortions.