The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

Authors: Romina Ahumada, Carlos Allende Prieto, Andrés Almeida, F. Anders, Scott F. Anderson, Brett H. Andrews, Borja Anguiano, R. Arcodia, E. Armengaud, M Aubert, S. Àvila, V. Ávila-Reese, Carles Badenes, Christophe Balland, Kathleen A. Barger, J. K. Barrera-Ballesteros, Sarbani Basu, Julian Bautista, Rachael L. Beaton, Timothy C. Beers, Ballesteros Benavides, Chad F. Bender, Mariangela Bernardi, Matthew A. Bershady, Florian Beutler, C. Moni Bidin, Jonathan C. Bird, Dmitry Bizyaev, Guillermo A. Blanc, Michael R. Blanton, M. Boquien, J. Borissova, Jo Bovy, W. N. Brandt, J. Brinkmann, Joel R. Brownstein, Kevin Bundy, Martin Bureau, Adam J. Burgasser, E. Burtin, M. Cano-Díaz, R. Capasso, Michele Cappellari, R. Carrera, Solène Chabanier, W. J. Chaplin, Michael Chapman, Brian Cherinka, C. Chiappini, Peter Doohyun Choi, S. Drew Chojnowski, Haeun Chung, Nicolas Clerc, Damien Coffey, Julia M. Comerford, Johan Comparat, L. N. da Costa, Marie-Claude Cousinou, Kevin R. Covey, Jeffrey D. Crane, Kátia Cunha, Gabriele S Ilha, Yu Sophia 昱 Dai 戴, S. Damsted, Jeremy Darling, James W. Davidson, Roger L. Davies, Kyle Dawson, Nikhil De, Axel de la Macorra, Nathan De Lee, A. B. A. Queiroz, Alice Deconto Machado, Sylvain de la Torre, F. Dell’Agli, Hélion du Mas des Bourboux, Aleksandar M. Diamond‐Stanic, Sean Dillon, John Donor, Niv Drory, Chris Duckworth, T. Dwelly, Garrett Ebelke, Sarah Eftekharzadeh, Arthur Eigenbrot, Y. Elsworth, M. Eracleous, G. Erfanianfar, S. Escoffier, Xiaohui Fan, Emily Farr, José G. Fernández-Trincado, Diane Feuillet, A. Finoguenov, Patricia Fofie, Amelia Fraser-McKelvie, Peter M. Frinchaboy, S. Fromenteau, Hai Fu, L. Galbany, R. A. García, D. A. García–Hernández, Luis Alberto Garma Oehmichen, Junqiang Ge, M. A. G. Maia, D. Geisler, Joseph Gelfand, Julian Goddy, Violeta González-Pérez, Kathleen Grabowski, Paul Green, C. J. Grier, Hong Guo, Julien Guy, Paul Harding, Sten Hasselquist, A. J. Hawken, Christian R. Hayes, Fred Hearty, S. Hekker, David W. Hogg, Jon A. Holtzman, Danny Horta, Jiamin Hou, Bau-Ching Hsieh, Daniel Huber, John Douglas Hunt, J. Ider Chitham, Julie Imig, Mariana Jaber, Camilo Eduardo Jimenez Angel, Jennifer A. Johnson, Amy Jones, Henrik Jönsson, Eric Jullo, Yerim Kim, Karen Kinemuchi, Charles C. Kirkpatrick IV, George W. Kite, Mark A. Klaene, Jean‐Paul Kneib, Juna A. Kollmeier, Hui Kong, Marina Kounkel, Dhanesh Krishnarao, Ivan Lacerna, Ting-Wen Lan, Richard R. Lane, David R. Law, Jean-Marc Le Goff, Henry Leung, Hannah M. Lewis, Cheng Li, Jianhui Lian, Lihwai Lin, Dan Long, Penélope Longa-Peña, Britt Lundgren, Brad W. Lyke, J. Ted Mackereth, Chelsea L. MacLeod, Steven R. Majewski, A. Manchado, Claudia Maraston, Paul Martini, T. Masseron, Karen L. Masters, S. Mathur, Richard M. McDermid, A. Merloni, M. R. Merrifield, Szabolcs Mészáros, A. Miglio, D. Minniti, Rebecca Minsley, T. Miyaji, Faizan G Mohammad, B. Mosser, Eva-Maria Mueller, Demitri Muna, A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Adam D. Myers, S. Nadathur, Preethi Nair, K. Nandra, Janaina Correa do Nascimento, Rebecca Nevin, Jeffrey A. Newman, David L. Nidever, Christian Nıtschelm, P. Noterdaeme, Julia O’Connell, Matthew D. Olmstead, Daniel Oravetz, Audrey Oravetz, Y. Osorio, Zachary J. Pace, Nelson Padilla, N. Palanque‐Delabrouille, P. A. Palicio, Hsi-An Pan, Kaike Pan, J.R. Parker, Romain Paviot, Sébastien Peirani, Karla Peña Ramŕez, Samantha J. Penny, Will J. Percival, I. Pérez‐Fournon, Ignasi Pérez-Ràfols, Patrick Petitjean, Matthew M. Pieri, Marc H. Pinsonneault, Vijith Jacob Poovelil, Joshua Povick, Abhishek Prakash, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, M. Jordan Raddick, Anand Raichoor, Amy E. Ray, Sandro B Rembold, Mehdi Rezaie, Rogemar A. Riffel, Rogério Riffel, Hans‐Walter Rix, A. C. Robin, Alexandre Roman–Lopes, C. Román-Zúñiga, Benjamin Rose, Ashley J. Ross, Graziano Rossi, Kate Rowlands, Kate H. R. Rubin, M. Salvato, Ariel G. Sánchez, L. Sánchez-Menguiano, José Sánchez-Gallego, Conor Sayres, Adam Schaefer, Ricardo P. Schiavon, J. S. Schimoia, Edward F. Schlafly, David J. Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, M. Schultheis, A. Schwope, Hee‐Jong Seo, Aldo Serenelli, Arman Shafieloo, Shoaib Shamsi, Zhengyi Shao, Shiyin Shen, Matthew Shetrone, R. Shirley, V. Silva Aguirre, Joshua D. Simon, Michael F. Skrutskie, Anže Slosar, Rebecca Smethurst, Jennifer Sobeck, Bernardo Cervantes Sodi, Diogo Souto, David V. Stark, Keivan G. Stassun, Matthias Steinmetz, Dennis Stello, Julianna Stermer, Thaisa Storchi‐Bergmann, A. Streblyanska, Guy S. Stringfellow, Amelia M. Stutz, Genaro Suárez, Jing Sun, Manuchehr Taghizadeh-Popp, Michael S. Talbot, Jamie Tayar, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Riley Theriault, D. Thomas, Zak C. Thomas, Jeremy L. Tinker, Rita Tojeiro, Hector Hernández Toledo, Christy Tremonti, T. Nicholas, Sarah Tuttle, E. Unda-Sanzana, M. Valentini, Jaime Vargas-González, M. Vargas-Magaña, J. A. Vázquez-Mata, M. Vivek, David A. Wake, Yuting Wang, Benjamin Alan Weaver, Anne-Marie Weijmans, Vivienne Wild, John Wilson, Robert F. Wilson, Nathan Wolthuis, W. M. Wood‐Vasey, Renbin Yan, Meng Yang, Christophe Yèche, O. Zamora, Pauline Zarrouk, Gail Zasowski, Kai Zhang, Cheng Zhao, Gong‐Bo Zhao, Zheng Zheng, Zheng Zheng, Guangtun Zhu, Hu Zou - The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 2020 cited by 1,358

Abstract This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library “MaStar”). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17).