Foundation Models
Recently, the domain of artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced a profound transformation with the emergence of foundation models as a new paradigm for developing AI systems (Bommasani et al. 2021 ). Foundation models constitute large-scale AI models that are pre-trained on vast amounts of general data and that can be adapted for downstream applications (e.g., by fine-tuning them through further training on application-specific data). Through this pre-train and adapt approach they expedite the development of innovative AI products and services and accelerate the accessibility of high-performance AI solutions in various industries (Teubner et al. 2023 ).