Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action

Authors: Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group (WARNING) Collaborators, Massimo Sartelli, Philip S. Barie, Federico Coccolini, Mohamed Abbas, Lilian M. Abbo, Gulnora K. Abdukhalilova, Yishak Abraham, Salisu Abubakar, Fikri M. Abu‐Zidan, Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Harissou Adamou, Gulara Afandiyeva, Ervis Agastra, Wadha Alfouzan, Majdi N. Al‐Hasan, Sajjad Ali, Syed Muhammad Sinaan Ali, Fatima Allaw, Gbemisola Allwell-Brown, Afreenish Amir, Obed Kwabena Offe Amponsah, Abdelkarim Al Omari, Luca Ansaloni, Shamshul Ansari, Ana Belén Araúz, Goran Augustin, Bih Awazi, Mohammad Azfar, Mamadou Saliou Bailo Bah, Miklosh Bala, Anura S. K. Banagala, Suman Baral, Matteo Bassetti, Luis Bavestrello, Gregory J. Beilman, Kebebe Bekele, Moussa Benboubker, Bojana Beovič, Maria Daniela Bergamasco, Silvia Bertagnolio, Walter L. Biffl, Stijn Blot, Marja A. Boermeester, Robert A. Bonomo, Adrian Brink, Silvio Brusaferro, Jonathan Butemba, Miguel Caínzos, Adrián Camacho-Ortíz, Rafael Cantón, Antonio Cascio, Alessandro Cassini, Enrique Castro‐Sánchez, Marco Catarci, Rodolfo Catena, Leili Chamani‐Tabriz, Sujith J Chandy, Esmita Charani, William G. Cheadle, Diana Chebet, Ibrahim Chikowe, Francesca Chiara, Vincent Chi‐Chung Cheng, Anna Chioti, Maria Elena Cocuz, Raúl Coimbra, Francesco Cortese, Yunfeng Cui, Jacek Czepiel, Mira Dasic, Nataliya de Francisco Serpa, Stijn W. de Jonge, Samir Delibegović, E. Patchen Dellinger, Zaza Demetrashvili, Alessandra De Palma, Danushka De Silva, Belinda De Simone, Jan J. De Waele, Sameer Dhingra, José J. Diaz, Claudia Dima, Natalia Dirani, Cornelius C. Dodoo, Gereltuya Dorj, Therèse M. Duane, Christian Eckmann, Beverly Egyir, Mutasim M. Elmangory, Mushira Enani, Önder Ergönül, Juan Pablo Escalera-Antezana, Kevin Escandón-Vargas, Abdul-Wahab Omo-ope Ettu, Joseph Fadare, Massimo Fantoni, Mohammad Farahbakhsh, Mário Paulo Faro, Alberto R. Ferreres, Gianina Flocco, Esteban Foíanini, Donald E. Fry, Alberto Garcı́a, Chiara Gerardi, Wagih Ghannam, Helen Giamarellou, Natalya Glushkova, George Gkiokas, Debra A. Goff, Harumi Gomi, Magnús Gottfreðsson, Ewen A. Griffiths, Rosio Isabel Guerra Gronerth, Xavier Guirao, Yogesh K. Gupta, Gregory Halle‐Ekane, Sonja Hansen, Mainul Haque, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, David T. S. Hayman, Andreas Hecker, Markus Hell, Vanessa P. Ho, Adrien M. Hodonou, Arda Işık, Salequl Islam, Kamal M.F. Itani, Nadia Jaidane, Ib Jammer, David R. Jenkins, Ibrahim Franklyn Kamara, Souha S. Kanj, Desmond T. Jumbam, Masoud Keikha, Ashish K. Khanna, Sahil Khanna, Gaetanjali Kapoor, Garima Kapoor, Samuel Kariuki, Faryal Khamis, Vladimir Khokha, Reuben Kiggundu, Ronald Kiguba, Hong Bin Kim, Peter K. Kim, Andrew W. Kirkpatrick, Yoram Kluger, Wen‐Chien Ko, Kenneth Yuh Yen Kok, Vihar Kotecha, Ibrahima Kouma, Bojan Kovačević, Jehona Krasniqi, Marcela Krůtová, І. А. Кryvoruchko, Ravina Kullar, Kwaku Appiah-Korang Labi, Francesco M. Labricciosa, Sulaiman Lakoh, Botond Lakatos, Mary Ann Lansang, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Young R. Lee, Marc Léone, Ari Leppäniemi, Gabriel Levy Hara, Andrey Litvin, Varut Lohsiriwat, Gustavo M. Machaín, Fawzi Mahomoodally, Ronald V. Maier, Md Anwarul Azim Majumder, Sydney Malama, Justen Manasa, Vikas Manchanda, Ramiro Manzano-Núñez, Luis Martı́nez-Martı́nez, Ignacio Martín‐Loeches, Sanjay Marwah, Emilio Maseda, Maleda Mathewos, Ryan C. Maves, Deborah A. McNamara, Ziad A. Memish, Dominik Mertz, Shyam Kumar Mishra, Philippe Montravers, Maria Luisa Moro, Elías Mossialos, Fabrizio Motta, Steward Mudenda, Patrick Mugabi, Mc Juan Muco Mugisha, Eleftherios Mylonakis, Lena M. Napolitano, Dilip Nathwani, Leontine Nkamba, Emmanuel Nsutebu, Donal B O’Connor, Sade Ogunsola, Peter Østrup Jensen, Juliana Ordóñez, Carlos A. Ordóñez, Pablo Ottolino, Abdoul–Salam Ouédraogo, José Artur Paiva, Miriam Palmieri, Angelo Pan, Narayan Dutt Pant, Arpád Panyko, Ciro Paolillo, Jay Patel, Federico Pea, Patrizio Petrone, Nicola Petrosillo, Tadeja Pintar, Haralds Plaudis, Mauro Podda, Alfredo Ponce‐de‐León, Susan L. Powell, Adrián Puello-Guerrero, C. Pulcini, Kemal Raşa, Jean‐Marc Régimbeau, Jordi Rello, Manuel Renato Retamozo-Palacios, Glendee Reynolds-Campbell, Julival Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Nuno Rocha-Pereira, Víctor Rosenthal, Gian María Rossolini, Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera, Megan Rwigamba, Michela Sabbatucci, Žilvinas Saladžinskas, Rasha Salama, Tondore Sali, Samson Sahile Salile, Ibrahima Sall, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Boris Sakakushev, Robert G. Sawyer, Marco Scatizzi, Jeremiah Seni, Edward Septimus, Gabriele Sganga, Daniel Mønsted Shabanzadeh, Vishal G. Shelat, Agumas Shibabaw, Francis Somville, Selma Souf, Stefania Stefani, Evelina Tacconelli, Buon Kim Tan, Pierre Tattevin, Carlos Rodriguez-Taveras, João Paulo Telles, Orlando Téllez-Almenares, Jeffrey Tessier, Nguyen Toan Thang, Cristian Timmermann, Jean‐François Timsit, Joël Noutakdie Tochie, Matti Tolonen, Gabriel Trueba, Constantinos Tsioutis, Fabio Tumietto, Felipe Francisco Tuon, Jan Ulrych, Selman Uranues, Maarten van Dongen, Harry van Goor, George C. Velmahos, András Vereczkei, Bruno Viaggi, Pierluigi Viale, Jordi Vilà, Andreas Voß, Jasmina Vraneš, Richard Watkins, Nyambura Wanjiru-Korir, Olivia Waworuntu, Agnes Wechsler-Fördös, K. Yadgarova, Mohammed Yahaya, Ali I. Yahya, Yonghong Xiao, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Tanya L. Zakrison, Victor Zamora Mesia, Walter Siquini, Ara Darzi, Léonardo Pagani, Fausto Catena - World Journal of Emergency Surgery 2023 cited by 81

Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.