Neural Correlates of Dream Lucidity Obtained from Contrasting Lucid versus Non-Lucid REM Sleep: A Combined EEG/fMRI Case Study

Authors: Martin Dresler, Renate Wehrle, Victor I. Spoormaker, Stefan Koch, Florian Holsboer, Axel Steiger, Hellmuth Obrig, Philipp G. Sämann, Michael Czisch - SLEEP 2012 cited by 270

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the neural correlates of lucid dreaming. DESIGN: Parallel EEG/fMRI recordings of night sleep. SETTING: Sleep laboratory and fMRI facilities. PARTICIPANTS: Four experienced lucid dreamers. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Out of 4 participants, one subject had 2 episodes of verified lucid REM sleep of sufficient length to be analyzed by fMRI. During lucid dreaming the bilateral precuneus, cuneus, parietal lobules, and prefrontal and occipito-temporal cortices activated strongly as compared with non-lucid REM sleep. CONCLUSIONS: In line with recent EEG data, lucid dreaming was associated with a reactivation of areas which are normally deactivated during REM sleep. This pattern of activity can explain the recovery of reflective cognitive capabilities that are the hallmark of lucid dreaming.