Mars’ Surface Radiation Environment Measured with the Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity Rover

著者: Donald M. Hassler, C. Zeitlin, R. F. Wimmer‐Schweingruber, Bent Ehresmann, Scot Rafkin, J. L. Eigenbrode, D. E. Brinza, Gerald Weigle, Stephan Böttcher, Eckart Böhm, Söenke Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, César Martı́n, G. Reitz, Francis A. Cucinotta, Myung‐Hee Y. Kim, David Grinspoon, M. A. Bullock, Arik Posner, Javier Gómez‐Elvira, A. R. Vasavada, J. P. Grotzinger, MSL Science Team, Osku Kemppinen, David A. Cremers, J. F. Bell, Lauren Edgar, Jack D. Farmer, Austin Godber, M. Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, M. I. Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Péret, P. L. King, Jennifer G. Blank, M. E. Schmidt, Shuai Li, R. E. Milliken, Kevin M. Robertson, V. Z. Sun, Michael B. Baker, Christopher S. Edwards, B. L. Ehlmann, Kenneth A. Farley, J. L. Griffes, Hayden Miller, Megan Newcombe, C. Pilorget, M. S. Rice, K. L. Siebach, Katie Stack, Edward M. Stolper, Claude Brunet, V. Hipkin, Richard Léveillé, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George D. Cody, A. Steele, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees, Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, M. Gailhanou, Francès Westall, Guy Israël, Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh, Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Éric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, R. Pérez, M. Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens‐Aparicio, Javier Caride Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez‐Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, Javier Martín‐Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora‐Sotomayor, G. M. Muñoz, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla-García, J. A. Rodríguez‐Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Josefina Torres Redondo, Roser Urqui-O’Callaghan, María-Paz Zorzano Mier, Steve Chipera, Jean-Luc Lacour, Patrick Mauchien, Jean‐Baptiste Sirven, Heidi Manning, Alberto González Fairén, Alexander G. Hayes, Jonathan Joseph, S. W. Squyres, R. Sullivan, Peter Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Noureddine Melikechi, Alissa Mezzacappa, Thomas Berger, Daniel Matthiä, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, Maria Genzer, Ari‐Matti Harri, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Osku Kemppinen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko, Walter Schmidt, Tero Siili, C. Fabre, J. J. Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, G. Paulsen, Sanjeev Gupta, D. L. Bish, Juergen Schieber, B. Gondet, Yves Langevin, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux, Gilles Berger, Alain Cros, C. d’Uston, O. Forni, O. Gasnault, J. Lasue, Qiu-Mei Lee, S. Maurice, Pierre-Yves Meslin, E. Pallier, Yann Parot, Patrick Pinet, Susanne Schröder, Mike Toplis, Éric Lewin, Will Brunner, Ezat Heydari, C. N. Achilles, Dorothy Z. Oehler, B. Sutter, M. Cabane, David Coscia, Guy Israël, Cyril Szopa, Gilles Dromart, François Robert, Violaine Sautter, Stéphane Le Mouëlic, N. Mangold, M. Nachon, A. Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, F. Raulin, Samuel Teinturier, James F. Cameron, Sam Clegg, A. Cousin, D. Delapp, Robert Dingler, Ryan Steele Jackson, Stephen Johnstone, N. Lanza, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, R. C. Wiens, Richard B. Williams, Andrea Jones, Laurel Kirkland, A. H. Treiman, Burt Baker, B. A. Cantor, M. A. Caplinger, Scott Davis, Brian Duston, K. S. Edgett, Donald Fay, C. Hardgrove, D. E. Harker, Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, M. R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman, Michael Malin, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, Liliya Posiolova, Michael Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Robert Zimdar, Katherine L. French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, Roger E. Summons, Fred Goesmann, Walter Goetz, S. F. Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, E. A. Breves, M. D. Dyar, C. I. Fassett, D. F. Blake, T. F. Bristow, David J. DesMarais, Laurence Edwards, R. M. Haberle, Tori Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Melinda Kahre, Leslie Keely, Christopher P. McKay, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Lora Bleacher, W. B. Brinckerhoff, David S. Choi, P. G. Conrad, Jason P. Dworkin, Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, James Garvin, D. P. Glavin, Daniel Harpold, Andrea Jones, P. Mahaffy, David K. Martin, A. C. McAdam, Alexander A. Pavlov, E. Raaen, M. D. Smith, J. C. Stern, Florence Tan, M. G. Trainer, Michael A. Meÿer, Mary Voytek, Robert C. Anderson, A. D. Aubrey, L. W. Beegle, A. Behar, D. L. Blaney, Fred Calef, L. E. Christensen, J. A. Crisp, Lauren DeFlores, B. L. Ehlmann, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory J. Flesch, Joel Hurowitz, I. Jun, Didier Keymeulen, J. N. Maki, Michael Mischna, John Michael Morookian, T. J. Parker, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken, John J. Simmonds, N. Spanovich, Manuel de la Torre Juárez, Christopher R. Webster, A. S. Yen, P. D. Archer, John H. Jones, D. W. Ming, R. V. Morris, P. B. Niles, E. B. Rampe, Thomas Nolan, M. R. Fisk, Leon J. Radziemski, B. L. Barraclough, Steve Bender, Daniel Berman, E. Noe Dobrea, Robert Tokar, D. T. Vaniman, R. M. E. Williams, Aileen Yingst, K. W. Lewis, L. A. Leshin, T. Cleghorn, Wesley T. Huntress, Gérard Manhès, Judy Hudgins, Timothy Olson, Noel Stewart, Philippe Sarrazin, J. A. Grant, Edward P. Vicenzi, Sharon A. Wilson, V. E. Hamilton, Joseph Peterson, F. Fedosov, D. V. Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, M. L. Litvak, A. Malakhov, И. Г. Митрофанов, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, В. А. Прохоров, Anton Sanin, V. I. Tretyakov, A. Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, Ruslan Kuzmin, Benton Clark, M. J. Wolff, S. M. McLennan, Oliver Botta, Darrell M. Drake, Keri Bean, M. T. Lemmon, S. P. Schwenzer, R. B. Anderson, K. E. Herkenhoff, Ella Mae Lee, Robert Sucharski, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, J. J. Blanco, Miguel Ramos, C. A. Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan‐Peter Müller, R. Navarro‐González, R. C. Ewing, W. V. Boynton, Robert T. Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, K. Harshman, Shaunna M. Morrison, W. E. Dietrich, Onno Kortmann, M. C. Palucis, D. Y. Sumner, Amy J. Williams, Günter Lugmair, Michael Wilson, David M. Rubin, B. Jakosky, T. Balić-Žunić, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, Kjartan Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, M. B. Madsen, S. L. S. Stipp, Nick Boyd, John L. Campbell, R. Gellert, G. M. Perrett, Irina Pradler, S. J. VanBommel, Samantha Jacob, Tobias Owen, Scott K. Rowland, Evgeny Atlaskin, Hannu Savijärvi, César Martín García, R. Mueller‐Mellin, J. C. Bridges, Timothy McConnochie, M. Benna, H. B. Franz, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, S. K. Atreya, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, N. O. Rennó, Michael L. Wong, Robert Pepin, Beverley Elliott, John Spray, Lucy Thompson, Suzanne Gordon, H. E. Newsom, A. Ollila, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth H. Nealson, Radu Popa, Linda C. Kah, J. Moersch, Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Gary Kocurek, B. Hallet, R. S. Sletten, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough, Ed Cloutis, I. L. ten Kate, Ruslan Kuzmin, R. E. Arvidson, A. A. Fraeman, Daniel Scholes, S. Slavney, Thomas Stein, Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey A. Berger, John E. Moores - Science 2013 被引用: 685

The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover began making detailed measurements of the cosmic ray and energetic particle radiation environment on the surface of Mars on 7 August 2012. We report and discuss measurements of the absorbed dose and dose equivalent from galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles on the martian surface for ~300 days of observations during the current solar maximum. These measurements provide insight into the radiation hazards associated with a human mission to the surface of Mars and provide an anchor point with which to model the subsurface radiation environment, with implications for microbial survival times of any possible extant or past life, as well as for the preservation of potential organic biosignatures of the ancient martian environment.