Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
著者: Nowell H Phelps, Rosie Singleton, Bin Zhou, Rachel A Heap, Anu Mishra, James E. Bennett, Christopher Paciorek, Victor P. F. Lhoste, Rodrigo M. Carrillo‐Larco, Gretchen A Stevens, Andrea Rodriguez‐Martinez, Honor Bixby, James Bentham, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Goodarz Danaei, A. Rayner, Ana Barradas‐Pires, Melanie Cowan, Stefan Savin, Leanne M Riley, Carlos A. Aguilar‐Salinas, Jennifer L. Baker, Amina Barkat, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Francesco Branca, Roberta B. Caixeta, Sarah Cuschieri, Farshad Farzadfar, Shubash Shander Ganapathy, Nayu Ikeda, Violeta Iotova, André Pascal Kengne, Young‐Ho Khang, Avula Laxmaiah, Hsien-Ho Lin, Jun Ma, Jean Claude Mbanya, J. Jaime Miranda, Rajendra Pradeepa, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Maroje Sorić, Maria Turley, Limin Wang, Karen Webster‐Kerr, Julie Aarestrup, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari, Ziad Abdeen, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Hanan F Abdul Rahim, Zulfiya Abdurrahmonova, Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh, Jamila Abubakar Garba, Benjamín Acosta-Cázares, Ishag Adam, Marzena Adamczyk, Robert J. Adams, Seth Adu‐Afarwuah, Wichai Aekplakorn, Kaosar Afsana, Shoaib Afzal, Valirie Ndip Agbor, Imelda Angeles‐Agdeppa, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Åsa Ågren, Hassan Aguenaou, Charles Agyemang, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Noor Ani Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Nastaran Ahmadi, Imran Ahmed, Soheir H. Ahmed, Wolfgang Ahrens, Gulmira Aitmurzaeva, Kamel Ajlouni, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Halima Al-Hinai, Badreya Al‐Lahou, Jawad Al‐Lawati, Rajaa Al‐Raddadi, Deena Alasfoor, Huda Al Hourani, Nawal M. Al Qaoud, Monira Alarouj, Fadia AlBuhairan, Shahla AlDhukair, M. Aldwairji, Sylvia Alexius, Mohamed M Ali, Anna V Alieva, Abdullah Alkandari, Ala’a Alkerwi, Buthaina Alkhatib, Kristine H. Allin, Shaker A. Alomary, Husam Alomirah, Arwa M. Alshangiti, Mar Álvarez‐Pedrerol, Eman Aly, Deepak Amarapurkar, Pilar Amiano Etxezarreta, John Amoah, Norbert Amougou, Philippe Amouyel, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Odysseas Androutsos, Lars Ängquist, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Alireza Ansari‐Moghaddam, Е. И. Ануфриева, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Joana Araújo, Inger Ariansen, Tahir Aris, Raphael E. Arku, Nimmathota Arlappa, Krishna K Aryal, Nega Assefa, Thor Aspelund, Félix Assah, Batyrbek Assembekov, Maria Cecília F Assunção, May Soe Aung, Correia Júnior Marco Aurélio de Valois, Juha Auvinen, Mária Avdičová, Avi Shina, Kishwar Azad, Ana Azevedo, Mohsen Azimi–Nezhad, Fereidoun Azizi, Bontha V. Babu, Flora Bacopoulou, Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen, Azli Baharudin, Suhad Bahijri, Izet Bajramović, Márta Bakacs, Nagalla Balakrishna, Yulia Balanova, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Maciej Banach, José R. Banegas, Joanna Baran, Rafał Baran, Carlo M Barbagallo, Valter Cordeiro Barbosa Filho, Alberto Barceló, Maja Baretić, Joaquín Barnoya, Lena Barrera, Marta Barreto, Aluisio JD Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes de Barros, Anna Bartosiewicz, Abdul Basit, João Luiz Bastos, Iqbal Bata, Anwar Batieha, Aline Priscila Batista, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Zhamilya Battakova, Louise A. Baur, Pascal Bayauli, R Beaglehole, Silvia Bel‐Serrat, Belavendra Antonisamy, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Theodora Benedek, Judith Benedics, Mikhail Benet Rodríguez, Gilda Estela Benitez Rolandi, Michaela Benzeval, Elling Bere, Nicolas Berger, Ingunn Holden Bergh, Yemane Berhane, Salim Berkinbayev, Antonio Bernabé‐Ortiz, Gailutė Bernotienė, Ximena Berrios Carrasola, Heloísa Bettiol, Manfred E. Beutel, Augustin F Beybey, Jorge Bezerra, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Sumit Bharadwaj, Santosh K. Bhargava, Hongsheng Bi, Yufang Bi, Daniel Bia, Katia Biasch, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Mukharram M Bikbov, Bihungum Bista, Duško Bjelica, Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Marius B Bjertness, Cecilia Björkelund, Kátia Vergetti Bloch, Anneke Blokstra, Moran Blychfeld Magnazu, Simona Bo, Martin Bobák, Lynne M. Boddy, Bernhard O. Boehm, Jolanda M.A. Boer, José Boggia, Elena Bogova, Carlos P Boissonnet, Stig E. Bojesen, Marialaura Bonaccio, Vanina Bongard, Alice Bonilla-Vargas, Matthias Bopp, Herman Borghs, Steve Botomba, Rupert Bourne, Pascal Bovet, Khadichamo Boymatova, Lien Braeckevelt, Lutgart Braeckman, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, Tasanee Braithwaite, Imperia Brajkovich, Juergen Breckenkamp, João Breda, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M. 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Fakhretdinova, Caroline Fall, Elnaz Faramarzi, Mojtaba Farjam, Victoria Farrugia Sant’Angelo, Yosef Farzi, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Asher Fawwad, Wafaie Fawzi, Francisco Javier Félix-Redondo, Trevor S. Ferguson, Romulo A Fernandes, Daniel Fernández‐Bergés, Daniel Ferrante, Thomas Ferrao, Gérson Ferrari, Marika Ferrari, Maurizio Ferrario, Catterina Ferreccio, Haroldo S. Ferreira, Eldridge Ferrer, Jean Ferrieres, Thamara Hübler Figueiró, Anna Fijałkowska, Günther Fink, Mauro Fisberg, Krista Fischer, Leng Huat Foo, Maria Forsner, Edward Fottrell, Heba Fouad, Damian Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Zlatko Fras, Brooklyn J. Fraser, Guillermo Frontera, Flávio Danni Fuchs, Sandra Cristina Pereira Costa Fuchs, Isti Ilmiati Fujiati, Yuki Fujita, Fumihiko Matsuda, Viktoriya Furdela, T. Furusawa, Stefan Adela Gabriela, Zbigniew Gaciong, Mihai Gafencu, Manuel Galán Cuesta, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Sonya Galcheva, Henrike Galenkamp, Daniela Galeone, Myriam Galfo, Fabio Galvano, Jingli Gao, Pei Gao, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, María José García Mérida, Marta García Solano, Dickman Gareta, Sarah P. Garnett, Jean‐Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Adroaldo César Araújo Gaya, Anelise Reis Gaya, Andréa Gazzinelli, Ulrike Gehring, Harald Geiger, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Ronnie George, Eva Gerdts, Ebrahim Ghaderi, Seyyed‐Hadi Ghamari, Ali Ghanbari, Erfan Ghasemi, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Alessandro Gialluisi, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Christian Gieger, Tiffany K Gill, Jonathan Giovannelli, Glen Gironella, Aleksander Giwercman, Konstantinos Gkiouras, Natalya Glushkova, Ramesh Godara, Justyna Godos, Sibel Göğen, Marcel Goldberg, David Goltzman, Georgina Gómez, Jesús Humberto Gómez Gómez, Luis Fernando Gómez, Santiago F. 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Kazakbaeva, François Folefack Kaze, Benson M Kazembe, Calvin Ke, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan‐Boker, Sirkka Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Cecily C. Kelleher, Han C. G. Kemper, Maryam Keramati, Alina Kerimkulova, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Khader, Arsalan Khaledifar, Davood Khalili, Bahareh Kheiri, Motahareh Kheradmand, Alireza Khosravi, Ilse Khouw, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Sophia J. Kiechl, Stefan Kiechl, Japhet Killewo, Hyeon Chang Kim, Jeongseon Kim, Jenny M. Kindblom, Andrew Kingston, Heidi Klakk, Suntara Klanarong, Jana Klánová, Magdalena Klimek, Jeannette Klimont, Jūratė Klumbienė, Michael Knoflach, Susanne Kobel, Bhawesh Koirala, Elin Kolle, Sanda M. Kolo, Patrick Kolsteren, Jürgen König, Raija Korpelainen, Paul Korrovits, Magdalena Korzycka, Jelena Kos, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Malik Koussoh Simone, Éva Kovács, Viktória Kovács, Irina Kovalskys, Sudhir Kowlessur, Sławomir Kozieł, Jana Kratěnová, Wolfgang Kratzer, Vilma Kriaučionienė, Susi Kriemler, Peter Lund Kristensen, Helena Križan, Maria F. Kroker‐Lobos, Steinar Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina Kruger, Ruan Kruger, Łukasz Kryst, Růžena Kubínová, Renata Kučienė, Urho M. Kujala, Enisa Kujundžić, Zbigniew Kułaga, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan, Raman Kumar, Meena Kumari, Marie Kunešová, Paweł Kurjata, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, В. А. Куценко, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Quang Dai La, Fatima Zahra Laamırı, Tiina Laatikainen, Demetre Labadarios, Carl Lachat, Karl J. 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Zayed, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Magdalena Żegleń, Kristýna Žejglicová, Tajana Željković Vrkić, Yi Zeng, Andrea Zentai, Bing Zhang, Luxia Zhang, Zhen‐Yu Zhang, Dong Zhao, Minghui Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Yanitsa V Zhecheva, Shiqi Zhen, Wei Zheng, Yingfeng Zheng, Bekbolat Zholdin, Maigeng Zhou, Dan Zhu, Paul Zimmet, Marie Zins, Emanuel Zitt, Yanina Zócalo, Nada Zoghlami, Julio Zúñiga Cisneros, Monika Zuziak, Majid Ezzati - The Lancet 2024 被引用: 2,034
BACKGROUND: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. METHODS: ). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). FINDINGS: From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. INTERPRETATION: The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity. FUNDING: UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union.