Bio‐inspired Design of Submerged Hydrogel‐Actuated Polymer Microstructures Operating in Response to pH
A bio-inspired hybrid materials system has been developed by utilizing pH-responsive, poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) hydrogel as the “muscle” that dynamically and reversibly actuates the embedded microposts and microfins while the sample is submerged. The system is designed to provide uniform directional bending actuation over a large area and integrated with electrochemical and microfluidic cells.