Estimating Lifetime Cost of Illness. An Application to Asthma
Abstract Rationale Approximately 8% of the U.S. population suffers from asthma, a chronic condition. It poses a substantial economic burden to society in the form of lost productivity and healthcare costs. Objectives We use the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2002–2010 to quantify the lifetime costs of asthma at each age, the impact of adult asthma on earnings and choice of occupation, and the impact of childhood asthma on parental income. Methods We developed a framework to estimate the present discounted value of the cumulative lifetime asthma-related healthcare costs and lost productivity experienced by an individual after onset. This approach allows for age- and asthma duration-related variability in annual costs as well as for the intermittent nature of asthma symptoms. Results Estimated asthma-related annual healthcare expenditures across all life stages are $700–$2,200 (2010 U.S. dollars). Lost annual earnings among individuals aged 30–49 are over $4,000 (2010 U.S. dollars). The present discounted value of the cumulative lifetime healthcare costs and lost productivity for a new case of asthma is estimated at $36,500 using the 3% discount rate (2010 U.S. dollars). Conclusions The economic burden of asthma is substantial and larger than previously estimated, reflecting expenditures on treatment and lost earnings.