GWAS and meta-analysis identifies 49 genetic variants underlying critical COVID-19

著者: Erola Pairo‐Castineira, Konrad Rawlik, Andrew D. Bretherick, Ting Qi, Yang Wu, Isar Nassiri, Glenn A. McConkey, Marie Zechner, Lucija Klarić, Fiona Griffiths, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Athanasios Kousathanas, Anne Richmond, Jonathan Millar, Clark D Russell, Tomas Malinauskas, Ryan S. Thwaites, Kirstie Morrice, Seán Keating, David M. Maslove, Alistair Nichol, Malcolm G. Semple, Julian C. Knight, Manu Shankar‐Hari, Charlotte Summers, Charles Hinds, Peter Horby, Lowell Ling, Daniel F. McAuley, Hugh Montgomery, Peter Openshaw, Colin B. Begg, Timothy Walsh, Albert Tenesa, Carlos Flores, José A. Riancho, Augusto Rojas‐Martínez, Pablo Lapunzina, GenOMICC Investigators, Co-Investigators, Sara Clohisey, Johnny Millar, Manu Shankar‐Hari, Emma Aitkin, Latha Aravindan, Ruth Armstrong, J. Kenneth Baillie, Heather Biggs, Ceilia Boz, Adam Brown, Primmy Chikowore, Richard Clark, Audrey Coutts, J. Terrence Coyle, Louise Cullum, Sukamal Das, Nicky Day, Lorna Donnelly, Esther Duncan, Paul Finernan, Max Head Fourman, Anita Furlong, James Furniss, Bernadette Gallagher, Tammy Gilchrist, Ailsa Golightly, Fiona Griffiths, Katarzyna Hafezi, Debbie Hamilton, Ross Hendry, Naomi Kearns, Dawn Law, R. M. Law, Sarah Law, Rebecca Lidstone-Scott, Christen Lauder, Louise MacGillivray, Alan Maclean, Hanning Mal, Sarah McCafferty, Ellie Mcmaster, Jen Meikle, Shona C. Moore, Sheena Murphy, Hellen Mybaya, Miranda Odam, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Chenqing Zheng, Jiantao Chen, Nick Parkinson, Trevor Paterson, Petra Tucker, Katherine Schon, Andrew Stenhouse, Mihaela Das, Maaike Swets, Helen Szoor-McElhinney, Filip Taneski, Lance Turtle, Tony Wackett, Mairi Ward, Jane Weaver, Nicola Wrobel, Marie Zechner, Jacqueline Pan, Neus Grau, Tim Jones, Rosario Lim, Martina Marotti, R. Chris Whitton, Aneta Bociek, Sara Campos, Gill Arbane, Manu Shankar‐Hari, Marlies Ostermann, Mina Cha, Fabiola DAmato, Eirini Kosifidou, Shelley Lorah, Kyma Morera, Sarah Bircham, Laura Brady, Keith Hugill, Jeremy Henning, Stephen Bonner, Evie Headlam, Jessica Jones, A. List, J Morley, Amy Welford, Bobette Kamangu, Anitha Ratnakumar, Abiola Shoremekun, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Zoe Alldis, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Fatima Bibi, Jack Biddle, Sarah Blow, Matthew L. Bolton, Catherine Borra, Ruth Bowles, Maudrian Burton, Yasmin Choudhury, Amber Cox, Amy Easthope, Patrizia Ebano, Stavros Fotiadis, Jana Gurasashvili, Rosslyn Halls, Pippa Hartridge, Delordson Kallon, Jamila Kassam, Ivone Lancoma-Malcolm, Maninderpal Matharu, P. May, Oliver Mitchelmore, Tabitha Newman, Mital Patel, Jane Pheby, Irene Pinzuti, Zoe Prime, Oleksandra Prysyazhna, Julian Shiel, Melanie Taylor, Carey Tierney, Olivier Zongo, S. M. Wood, Anne Zak, David Collier, Manuela Mundy, C. C. Thompson, Lisa Pritchard, Minnie Gellamucho, David Cartlidge, Nageswar Bandla, Lucy Bailey, Michelle Davies, Jane Delaney, Leanne Scott, Marwa Abdelrazik, Frater Alasdair, David Carter, Munzir Elhassan, Arunkumar Ganesan, Samuel Jenkins, Zoe Lamond, Dharam Purohit, Kumar Rohit, Malik Saleem, Alanna Wall, Kugan Xavier, D Bakthavatsalam, Kirolos Gehad, Pakeerathan Gnanapragasam, Kapil Jain, Swati Jain, Abdul Malik, Naveen Pappachan, Jerónimo Moreno-Cuesta, Anne Haldeos, Rachel Vincent, Maryjane Oziegb, Anna Cavazza, Maeve Cockrell, Eleanor Corcoran, Maria Depante, Clare Finney, Ellen Jerome, Abigail Knighton, Monalisa Nayak, Evita Pappa, Rohit Saha, Sian Saha, Andrew Dodd, Kevin O’Reilly, Mark McPhail, Emma Clarey, Harriet Noble, John Smith, Phoebe Coghlan, Stephen J. Brett, Anthony Gordon, Maie Templeton, David Antcliffe, Dorota Banach, Sarah Darnell, Ziortza Fernandez, Eleanor Jepson, Amal Mohammed, Roceld Rojo, Sonia Sousa Arias, Anita Gurung, Jenny Wong, Jaime Fernandez-Roman, David Hamilton, Emily Johnson, Brian Johnston, Maria Lopez Martinez, Suleman Mulla, Alicia Waite, Karen Williams, Victoria Waugh, Ingeborg Welters, Jessica Emblem, Maria Norris, David Shaw, Archana Bashyal, Sally Beer, Paula Hutton, Stuart McKechnie, Neil Davidson, Soya Mathew, Grace Readion, Jung Hee Ryu, Jean Wilson, Shruti Agrawal, Kay Elston, Megan Jones, Eoghan Meaney, Petra Polgarova, Muhammad Elbehery, Charlotte Summers, Esther Daubney, Anthony Ng, Jocelyn R. Marshall, Nazima Pathan, Katerina Stroud, Deborah White, Angela Andrew, Saima Ashraf, Amy Clark, Martin Dent, Margaret Langley, Cecilia Peters, Lucy Ryan, Julia Sampson, Shuying Wei, Alice Baddeley, Megan Meredith, Lucy Morris, Alexandra Gibbons, Lisa McLoughlin, Carlos Castro Delgado, Victoria Clark, Deborah Dawson, Lijun Ding, Georgia Durrant, Obiageri Ezeobu, Abiola Harrison, William James Hurt, Rebecca Kanu, Ashley Kinch, Susannah Leaver, Ana Lisboa, Jisha Mathew, Kamal Patel, Romina Pepermans Saluzzio, John Rawlins, Tinashe Samakomva, Nirav R. Shah, Christine Sicat, Joana Texeira, Joana Gomes De Queiroz, Edna Fernandes Da Gloria, Elena Maccacari, Nikki Yun, Soumendu Manna, Sarah Farnell-Ward, Maria Maizcordoba, Maria Thanasi, Hawakin Haji Ali, Janice Hastings, Lina Grauslyte, Musarat Hussain, Bobby Ruge, Sam King, Tatiana Pogreban, Lace Rosaroso, Helen Smith, Mandeep-Kaur Phull, Nikkita Adams, George R. Franke, Aparna George, Erika Šalčiūtė, Joanna Wong, Karen Dunne, Luke Flower, Emma Sharland, Sukhmani Sra, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Gillian Andrew, Marie Callaghan, Lucy Barclay, Lucy Marshall, J. Kenneth Baillie, Maria Amamio, Sophie Birch, Kate Briton, Sarah J. Clark, Katerine Doverman, Dave Hope, Corrienne McCulloch, Scott Simpson, Jo Singleton, Rita Fernandez, Meryem Allen, David Baptista, Rebecca Crowe, Jonathan Fox, Jacyntha Khera, Adam Loveridge, India McKenley, Eriko Morino, Andrés Naranjo, Denise O’Connor, Richard Simms, Kathryn Sollesta, Andrew Swain, Harish Venkatesh, Rosie Herdman-Grant, Anna Joseph, Angela Nown, Steve Rose, David Pogson, Helen Boxall, Lutece Brimfield, Helen Claridge, Zoe Daly, S George, Andrew Gribbin, Yusuf Cheema, Sean Cutler, Owen Richards, Anna Roynon-Reed, Shiney Cherian, Anne Emma Heron, Gemma Williams, Tamás Szakmány, Abby Waters, Kim Collins, Jill Dunhill, F. Burton Jones, Rebecca Morris, Lucy Ship, Amy Cardwell, Syamlan Ali, Ravi Bhatterjee, Rachel Bolton, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Dabheoc Coleman, Jack Dalziel, Joseph Dykes, Christopher Fine, Bethan Gay, Wendy Goddard, Drew Goodchild, Rhiannan Harling, Muhammad Hijazi, Sarah Keith, Meherunnisa Khan, Roseanna Matt, Janet Ryan-Smith, Samuel Saad, Philippa Springle, Jacqueline Thomas, Nick Truman, Aayesha Kazi, Matthew Smith, Heather Collier, Chloe Davison, Stephen Duberley, Jeanette Hargreaves, Janice Hartley, Tahera Patel, Elizabeth Smith, Alissa Kent, Emma C. Goodwin, Ahmed Zaki, Clare Tibke, Susan Hopkins, Hywel Gerrard, Matthew Jackson, Sara Bennett, Liane Marsh, Rebecca Mills, Jessica Bell, Helen Campbell, Angela Dawson, Steve Dodds, Stacey Duffy, Lisa G. Gallagher, Gemma McCafferty, Stacey Short, Tracy Smith, Kirsty Thomas, Claire Walker, Jessica Reynolds, Bryan Yates, Hayley McKie, Maria Panteli, Maria Thompson, Gail Waddell, Sarah De Beger, Azmerelda Abraheem, Charlie Dunmore, Rumanah Girach, Rhianna Jones, Emily London, Imrun Nagra, Farah Nasir, Hannah Sainsbury, Clare Smedley, Stephen Brearey, Caroline Burchett, Kathryn Cawley, Maria Faulkner, Helen Jeffrey, Peter Bamford, Firdaus Shaikh, Lauren Slack, Angela M. Davies, Hollie Brooke, Jose Cebrian Suarez, Ruth Charlesworth, Karen Hansson, John W. Norris, Alice Poole, Rajdeep Sandhu, Elizabeth Smithson, Muthu Thirumaran, Veronica Wagstaff, Sarah Buckley, Brendan Sloan, Alastair Rose, Amy Major, Alexandra Metcalfe, Christine Almaden-Boyle, Pauline Austin, Susan Chapman, Alexandre Eros, Louise Cabrelli, Stephen Cole, Clare Whyte, Matt Casey, Vasileios Bafitis, George Tsinaslanidis, Cassandra George, Reena Khade, Christopher B. Black, Sundar Raj Ashok, Sean Farley, Elaine Brinkworth, Rachel Harford, Carl Murphy, Marie Williams, Luke Newey, Hannah Toghill, Sophie Lewis, Tabitha Rees, Ceri Battle, Mark Baker, Jenny Travers, Karen Chesters, Nicola Baxter, Andrew Arnott, Gordan McCreath, Christopher McParland, Laura Rooney, Malcolm Sim, Steven Henderson, Lynn Abel, Carol Dalton, Sophie Kennedy-Hay, L O’Donohoe, Megan O’Hare, Izabela Orlikowska, Natasha Parker, Fiona McNeela, Amanda Lyle, Alistair Hughes, Jayachandran Radhakrishnan, Sian Gibson, Hollie Bancroft, Mary Bellamy, Jacqueline Daglish, Salma Kadiri, Faye Moore, Joanne Rhodes, Mirriam Sangombe, Zhane Peterkin, James Scriven, Margaret Carmody, Juliet Cottle, Emily Peasgood, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz de Gordoa, Claire Phillips, Denise Skinner, Zoe Cinquina, Kate Howard, Rosie Joy, Samantha Roche, Isobel Birkinshaw, J. W. S. Carter, J Ingham, Nicola Marshall, Harriet Pearson, Zoë Scott, J Dasgin, Jaspret Gill, Annette Nilsson, Amy Bamford, Diana Hull, James Scriven, Nafeesah Ahmadhaider, Michelle Bates, Christopher McGhee, Hannah Ellis, Gwenllian Sera Howe, Jayaprakash Singh, Natalie Stroud, L Roche, Ceri Lynch, Bethan Deacon, Carla Pothecary, Justyna Smeaton, Kevin Agravante, Vinodh Krishnamurthy, Cynthia Diaba, Lincy John, Lai Lim, Rajeev Jha, Jasmine Egan, Timothy Felton, Susannah Glasgow, Grace Padden, Ozerah Choudhr, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Stuart Moss, Saejohn Lingeswaran, Peter Alexander, Craig Brandwood, Sofia Fiouni, Luke Ward, Schvearn Allen, Jane Shaw, Christopher Smith, Oluronke Adanini, Rebecca Collins, Maines Msiska, Linda Ofori, Nikhil Bhatia, Hayley Dolan, Mark Brunton, Jess Caterson, Holly Coles, Liza Keating, Emma Tilney, Nicola Jacques, Matthew Frise, Jennifer Armistead, Shauna Bartley, Parminder Bhuie, Sabi Rai, Gabriela Tomkova, Sandra Greer, Karen Shuker, Ascanio Tridente, Emma Dobson, Jodie Hunt, Redmond Tully, Joy Dearden, Andrew Drummond, Prakash Kamath, Emily Bullock, Michelle Mulcahy, Shelia Munt, Gráinne O’Connor, Jennifer Philbin, Chloe Rishton, Chloe E. H. Scott, Sarah Winnard, Nurkamalia Hasni, Rachel Gascoyne, Joanne Hawes, Kelly Pritchard, Lesley Stevenson, Amanda Whileman, Sarah Beavis, Lauren Bishop, Cindy Cart, Katie Dale, Mary Kelly-Baxter, Adam Mendelski, Emma Moakes, Rheanna Smith, Jan Woodward, Stephanie Wright, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK, Angela Allan, Adriana Botello, Jade Liew, Jasmine Medhora, Erin Trumper, Felicity Savage, Teresa Scott, Marc Place, Callum Kaye, Sarah Benyon, Suzie Marriott, Linda Park, Helen R. Quinn, Daisy Skyes, Lily Zitter, Kizzy Baines, Elizabeth Gordón, Samantha Keenan, Andrew Pitt, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK, Katharine Duffy, Jane Ireland, Gary Semple, Lynne Turner, Susanne Cathcart, Dominic Rimmer, Alex Puxty, Kathryn Puxty, Andrew Hurst, Jennifer R. Miller, Susan Speirs, Lauren Walker, Zena Bradshaw, Joanna Brown, Sarah Melling, Stephen Preston, Nicola Slawson, Scott Warden, Alanna Beasley, Emma Stoddard, Leonie Benham, Jason Cupitt, Melanie Caswell, Lisa Elawamy, Ashleigh Wignall, Belinda Roberts, Hannah Golding, Samantha Leggett, Michelle Male, Martyna Marani, Kirsty Prager, Toran Williams, Kim Golder, Oliver Jones, Rebecca Cusack, Clare Bolger, Rachel Burnish, Michael J. Carter, Susan Jackson, Karen Salmon, Jonathan Biss, Maia Aquino, Maria Croft, Victoria Frost, Ian White, Keshnie Govender, Natasha Webb, Liana Stapleton, Colin Wells, Nikitas Nikitas, Ana Sánchez-Rodríguez, Kayleigh Spencer, Bethan Stowe, Yvonne Izzard, Michelle Poole, Sonja Monnery, Sallyanne Trotman, Valerie Beech, Edward Combes, Teishel Joefield, Patrick Covernton, Sarah Savage, Elizabeth Woodward, Julie Camsooksai, Henrik Reschreiter, Charlotte Barclay, Yasmin DeAth, Judith Dube, Charlotte Humphrey, Sarah M. Jenkins, Emma Langridge, Rebecca Milne, Beverley Wadams, Megan Woolcock, Michael Brett, Brian Digby, Lisa Gemmell, James Hornsby, Patrick MacGoey, Pauline O’Neil, R. Arlen Price, Radha Sundaram, Lynn Abel, Natalie Rodden, Nicola Thomson, Kevin Rooney, Susan Currie, Natasha Parker, Lauren Walker, Philip Henderson, Bethan Ogg, Simon Whiteley, Liz Wilby, Kate Long, Shailamma Matthew, Sheila Salada, Susan Trott, Sarah Watts, Zoe Friar, Abigail Speight, Victoria Bastion, H. Chandna, Brice Djeugam, Muhammad Haseeb, Harriet Kent, Gamu Lubimbi, Sophie Murdoch, Alastair Thomas, Beena David, Rachel Lorusso, Ana Vochin, Melchizedek Penacerrada, Retno Wulandari, Charlotte Heath, Srinivas Jakkula, Anna Morris, Ashar Ahmed, Arvind Nune, Claire Buttriss, Emma Whitaker, Miriam Davey, David B.K. Golden, Amy Acklery, Fábio Fernandes, Bec Seaman, Victoria Earl, Amy Collins, Waqas Khaliq, Rachel Adam, Estefania Treus, Sarah Holland, Jordan Alfonso, Bethan Blackledge, Michelle Bruce, Laura Jayne Durrans, Ayaa Eltayeb, Jade Harris, Samuel Hey, Martin Hruška, Thomas Lamb, Joanne Rothwell, Adele Fitzgerald, Gabriella Lindergard, Helen T-Michael, Tracey Duncan, Sharon Baxter-Dore, Lisa Cooper, Claire Fox, Jacinta Guerin, Tracey Hodgkiss, Karen Connolly, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK, Paul McAlinden, Victoria Bridgett, Maggie Fearby, Arvind Gulati, Helen Hanson, Sinéad Kelly, Louise McCormack, Rachel Nixon, Philip Robinson, Victoria Slater, Elaine Stephenson, Andrea J. Webster, Kimberly Webster, Carole Hays, Anne Hudson, Bijal Patel, I Clement', John M. Davis, Sarah Francis, Douglas Jerry, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK, C. R. Abernathy, Louise Foster, Andrew Gratrix, Llucia Cabral-Ortega, Matthew Hines, Victoria Martinson, Elizabeth Stones, Karen Winter, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK, Esther Barrow, Katharine Wylie, Deborah L. Baines, Katie Birchall, Laurel Kolakaluri, Richard Clark, Anila Sukumaran, Craig Brandwood, Melanie Barker, Deborah Paripoorani, Lara Smith, Charlotte Taylor, Charlotte Downes, Melanie Hayman, Katie Riches, Priya Daniel, Deepak Subramanian, Kathleen Holding, Mary A. Hilton, Carly McDonald, Georgina Richardson, Georgia Halladay, Peter Harding, Amie Reddy, Ian Turner-Bone, Laura Wilding, Robert S. Parker, Michaela Lloyd, Leanne Smith, Charlie Kelly, Maria Lazo, Alan Neal, Olivia Walton, Julie Melville, Jay Naisbitt, Emily Bullock, Rosane Joseph, Sara Callam, Lisa Hudig, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Katie Stammers, Karen Convery, Georgina Randell, Deirdre Fottrell-Gould, Esther Mwaura, Sara-Beth Sutherland, Richard Stewart, Louise Mew, Lynn Wren, Laura Thrasyvoulou, Heather Willis, James Scriven, Bridget Hopkins, Daniel Lenton, Abigail Roberts, Maria Bokhari, Rachael Lucas, W McCormick, Jenny Ritzema, Vanessa Linnett, Amanda Sanderson, Helen Wild, Rebecca C. Flanagan, Robert Hull, Kat Rhead, Emma McKenna, Gareth Hughes, Jennifer Anderson, Kelly L. Jones, Scott Latham, Heather Riley, M Coulding, Martyn Clark, Jacqueline McCormick, Oliver Mercer, Darsh Potla, Hafiz Muhammad Rehman, Heather Savill, Victoria Turner, Edward B. Jude, Susan Kilroy, Elena Apetri, Cathrine Basikolo, Bethan Blackledge, Laura Catlow, Matthew Collis, Reece Doonan, Jade Harris, Alice Harvey, Karen Knowles, Stephanie J. Lee, Diane Lomas, Chloe Lyons, Liam McMorrow, Angiy Michael, Jessica Pendlebury, Jane Perez, Maria Poulaka, Nicola Proudfoot, Kathryn Slevin, Vicky Thomas, Danielle Walker, Paul Dark, Bethan Charles, Danielle McLaughlan, Melanie Slaughter, Daniel Horner, Kathryn Cawley, Tracy Marsden, JoyAnn Andrews, Emily Beech, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Alasdair Bamford, Holly Belfield, Gareth A. Jones, Tara McHugh, Hamza Meghari, Samiran Ray, Ana Luisa Tomas, Lauran O’Neill, Mark Peters, M. J. Bell, Sarah Benkenstein, Catherine Chisholm, Charlene Davies, Klaudia Kupiec, Caroline Payne, Joanna Halls, Hayley Blakemore, Elizabeth Goff, Kati Hayes, Kerry Smith, Deanna Stephens, Ruth Worner, Borislava Borislavova, Beverley Faulkner, Matt Thomas, Ruth Cookson, Emma Gendall, Georgina Larman, Rebecca Pope, Artur Smalira, Victoria Priestley, Tracey Cosier, Gemma Millen, James Rand, Natasha Schumacher, Roxana Sandhar, Heather Weston, Neil Richardson, Lucy Cooper, Cathy Jones, Ya-Wen Jessica Huang, Reni Jacob, Craig Denmade, Lewis McIntyre, Dawn Trodd, Jane Martin, Geoff Watson, Emily Bevan, Caroline Wreybrown, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK, Shereen Bano, Ruth Bellwood, Michael J. Bentley, Matt Bromley, Lucy Gurr, Camilla Ledgard, Janet McGowan, Kate Pye, Kirsten Sellick, Amelia Stacey, Deborah Warren, Brian J. Wilkinson, Louise Akeroyd, Huma Shafique, James P. Morgan, Susan Shorter, Rachel Swinger, Emily A. Waters, Tom Lawton, Elizabeth Allan, Kate Darlington, Ffyon Davies, Llinos Davies, Jack Easton, Sumit Kumar, Richard Lean, Callum Mackay, Richard Pugh, Xinyi Qiu, Stephanie Rees, Jeremy Scanlon, Joanne Lewis, Daniel Menzies, Annette Bolger, Gwyneth Davies, Jennifer Davies, Esther Garrod, Helen S. Jones, Rachel Manley, Hannah Williams, Jordan Frankham, Sally Pitts, Nigel White, Debbie Branney, Heather Tiller, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK, Georgia Efford, Zoe Garland, Lisa Grimmer, Bethany Gumbrill, Rebekah Johnson, Katie Sweet, Jeremy Bewley, Christina Coleman, Katie E. Corcoran, Eva Maria Hernandez Morano, Rachel Shiel, Denise Webster, Josephine Bonnici, Eleanor Daniel, Abbie Dell, Melanie Kent, Ami Wilkinson, Ellen Brown, Andrea Kay, Suzanne Campbell, Amanda Cowton, Mark Birt, Vicki Greenaway, Kathryn Potts, Clare Hutton, Andrew Shepperson, Miranda Forsey, Alice Nicholson, Mark Vertue, Joanne Riches, Agilan Kaliappan, Anne Nicholson, Niall MacCallum, Eamon Raith, Georgia Bercades, Ingrid Hass, David Brealey, Gladys Martir, Anna Reyes, Deborah Smyth, Maria Zapatamartinez, Ana Alvaro, Champa Jetha, Louise Ma, Lauren Booker, Loreta Mostoles, Anezka Pratley, Abdelhakim Altabaibeh, Chetan Parmar, Kayleigh Gilbert, Susie Ferguson, Amy Shepherd, Sheila Morris, Jo Singleton, Rosie Baruah, Maria Amamio, Sophie Birch, Kate Briton, Sarah Clark, Katherine Doverman, Lucy Marshall, Scott Simpson, Georgina S. Lloyd, Stephanie Bell, Vanessa Rivers, Bally Purewal, Kate Hammerton, Susan M. Anderson, Janine Birch, Emma Collins, Ryan Oleary, Sarah Cornell, Jordan Jarmain, Kimberley Rogerson, Fiona Wakinshaw, Lindsey Woods, Anthony Rostron, Zeynep Elcioglu, Alistair Roy, Gillian Bell, Holly Dickson, Louise Wilcox, Amro Katary, Katy English, Joanne Hutter, Corinne Pawley, Patricia Doble, Charmaine Shovelton, Marius Vaida, Rebecca Purnell, Ashly Thomas, Lenka Cagova, Adama Fofano, Helen Holcombe, Alice Michael Mitchell, Lucy Mwaura, Krithivasan P. Raman, Lucie Garnr, Sue Mepham, Kitty Paques, Alain Vuylsteke, J Mackie, Carmen Pearn, Julie Zamikula, Mark Birt, Estefania Treus Gude, Maggie Nyirenda, Lisa Capozzi, Rosie Reece-Anthony, Waqas Khaliq, Hazma Noor, Alfa Cresia Nilo, Michelle Grove, Amelia Daniel, Amy Easthope, Joanne Finn, Nikki White, Rajnish Saha, Bibi Badal, Karen Ixer, Donna Duffin, Ben Player, Helen Hill, Jade Cole, Jenny Brooks, Michelle Davies, Rhys Davies, L. Hunt, Emma Thomas, Angharad Williams, Metod Oblak, Mini Thankachen, J Irisari, Amrinder Sayan, Monica Popescu, Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan, UK, Cheryl Finch, Andrew Jamieson, Alison Quinn, Joshua Cooper, Sarah Liderth, Natalia Waddington, Iona Burn, Katarina Manso, Ruth Penn, Julie Tebbutt, Danielle Thornton, James F. Winchester, Geraldine Hambrook, Pradeep Shanmugasundaram, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, UK, Jayne Craig, Kerry Simpson, Andrew Higham, Louise Sibbett, Sheila Paine, Annabel Reed, Jo-Anna Conyngham, McDonald Mupudzi, Rachel Thomas, Mary Wright, Denise Griffin, Richard Partridge, Maria Alvarez Corral, Nycola Muchenje, Mildred Sitonik, Caroline Wrey Brown, Aaron Butler, Linda Folkes, Heather Fox, Amy Gardner, David Helm, Gillian Hobden, Kirsten King, Jordi Margalef, Michael Margarson, Tim Martindale, Emma Meadows, Dana Raynard, Yvette Thirlwall, Yolanda Baird, Raquel Gomez, Darren P. Martin, Luke Hodgson, Clinton Corin, Erikka Sidall, Densie Szabo, Sharon Floyd, Hannah Davies, Karen Austin, Olivia Kelsall, Hannah Wood, Peter Anderson, Katie E. Archer, Andrew Burtenshaw, Sarah Clayton, Naiara Cother, Nicholas Cowley, Caroline Davis, Stephen Digby, Alison Durie, Alison Harrison, Emma Low, Michael McAlindon, Alex McCurdy, Aled Morgan, Tobias Rankin, Jessica Thrush, Helen Tranter, Charlie Vigurs, Laura Wild, Thomas Cornell, Kate Ralph, Sarah Bean, Karen Burt, Michael Z. Spivey, Carol Richards, Rachel Tedstone, Siobhain Carmody, Xiaobei Zhao, Valérie Page, Mark Louie Guanco, Elvira Hoxha, Camilla Zorloni, Charlotte Dean, Emma Jones, Emma Carter, Joshua Dunn, Thomas Kong, Mervin Mahenthran, Chris Marsh, Maureen Holland, Natalie Keenan, Mohamed Mahmoud, Marc Lyons, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Helen Wassall, Meghan Young, Paul Bradley, D Burda, Sinead Donlon, Lesley Harden, Celia B. Harris, Irving Mayangao, Rugia Montaser, Sheila Mtuwa, Charles Piercy, Eleanor Smith, Sarah Stone, Jerik Verula, Helen Blackman, Cheryl Marriott, Natalia Michalak, Ben Creagh‐Brown, Armorel Salberg, Naomi Boyer, Veronika Pristopan, Victoria Maynard, Rachel Walker, Anil Hormis, Dawn Collier, Cheryl Graham, Vicky Maynard, Jake McCormick, Jake Warrington, Denise Cosgrove, Denise McFarland, Judith Ratcliffe, Rob Charnock, Inez Wynter, Mandy Gill, Jill Kirk, Paul Paul, Valli Ratnam, Sarah Shelton, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries, UK, Catherine Jardine, Alasdair Hay, Dewi Williams, Bethan Deacon, Latha Durga, Meg Hibbert, Gareth Kennard-Holden, C.R. Woodford, Carla Pothecary, L Roche, Dariusz Tetla, Kevin Agravante, Justyna Smeaton, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor, UK, Alicia Price, Alice Thomas, Chris Thorpe, Ellen Knights, Donna Ward, Shondipon Laha, Mark Verlander, Alexandra Williams, Rachel Prout, Helen Langton, Malcolm Watters, Charlotte Hunt, Catherine Novis, Sarwat Arif, Amy Cunningham, Claire Hewitt, Julia Hindale, Karen Jackson-Lawrence, Sarah Shepardson, Maryanne Wills, Susie Butler, Silivia Tavares, Russell Barber, Annette Hilldrith, Kelly Hubbard, Dawn Egginton, Michele Clark, Sarah Purvis, Simon Sinclair, Vicky Collins, Bethan Landeg, Craig Sell, Samantha Coetzee, Alistair Gales, Igor Otahal, Becky Icke, Meena Raj, Caroline Williams, Jill Williams, Lucy Hill, Abdul Kayani, Bridgett Masunda, Prisca Gondo, Nigara Atayeva, Carina Cruz, Natalie Pattison, Caroline Burnett, Jonathan Hatton, Elaine Heeney, Maria Newton, Hassan Al-Moasseb, Teresa Behan, Jasmine Player, Rachael Stead, Atideb Mitra, Kirsty Nauyokas, Sally Humphreys, Helen Cockerill, Ruth Tampsett, Evgeniya Postovalova, Tina Coventry, Amanda McGregor, Susan A. Fowler, Mike Macmahon, Patricia Cochrane, Sandra Pirie, Sarah Hanley, Asifa Ali, Megan Brady, Sam Dale, Annalisa Dance, Lisa Gledhill, Jill Greig, Kathryn Hanson, Kelly Holdroyd, Marie Home, Tahira Ishaq, Diane Kelly, Lear Matapure, D. Salas y Mélia, Samantha Mellor, Ekta Merwaha, Tonicha Nortcliffe, Lisa Shaw, Ryan Shaw, Tracy Wood, Lee-Ann Bayo, Miranda Usher, Alison Wilson, Ross Kitson, Jez Pinnell, Matthew K. Robinson, Kaitlin Boltwood, Jenny Birch, Laura Bough, Rebecca Tutton, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Josie Goodsell, K. Taylor, Patricia Williams, Sarah Williams, Ashleigh Cave, James Rees, Janet Imeson-Wood, Jacqueline Smith, Vishal Amin, Komala Karthik, Rizwana Kausar, Elena Anastasescu, Karen Reid, Vikram Anumakonda, Ella Stoddart, Carrie Demetriou, Charlotte Eckbad, Lucy Howie, Sarah Mitchard, Lidia Ramos, Katie White, Sarah Hierons, F. M. Kelly, Alfredo Serrano-Ruiz, Gabrielle Evans, Liz Nicol, Joy Wilkins, Kim Hulacka, Gabor Debreceni, Alison Brown, Vikki Crickmore, Kay Hill, Thogulava Kannan, Zenaida Dagutao, Kate Beesley, Alison Lewis, Jess Perry, S Pallipparambil Antony, Sarah Board, Clare Buckley, Lucy Pippard, Alfonso Tanate, Diane P. Wood, A Kubisz-Pudelko, Ayman Gouda, F. C. Auld, Joanne Donnachie, Euan Murdoch, Lynn Prentice, Nikole Runciman, Dhaneesha Senaratne, Abigail Short, Laura Sweeney, Lesley Symon, Anne Todd, Patricia Turner, Erin McCann, Dario Salutous, Ian Edmond, Lesley Whitelaw, Harish Venkatesh, Yvonne Bland, Istvan Kajtor, Lisa Kavanagh, Karen Singler, George Linfield-Brown, Luke Moore, Marcela P. Vizcaychipi, Laura Gomes de Almeida Martins, Luke Moore, Rhian Bull, Jaime Carungcong, Louise Allen, Eva Beranová, Alicia Knight, Carly Price, Sorrell Tilbey, Sharon Turney, Tracy Hazelton, Gabriella Tutt, Mansi Arora, Salah Turki, Emily Sinfield, Joanne Deery, Hazel Ramos, Daniele Cristiano, Natalie Dormand, Zohreh Farzad, Mahitha Gummadi, Sara Salmi, Geraldine Sloane, Mathew Varghese, Vicky Thwaites, Brijesh Patel, Liyanage Kamal, Anelise Catelan Zborowski, Ryan Coe, Madeleine Anderson, Jane Beadle, Charlotte Coates, Katy Collins, Maria Crowley, Laura Johnson, Laura King, Remi Paramsothy, Janet Sargeant, Pedro Silva, Carmel Stuart, June S. Taylor, David Tyl, Phillipa Wakefield, Charlotte Kamundi, Olumide Olufuwa, Zakaulla Belagodu, Anca Gherman, Naomi Oakley, John Allan, Tim Geary, A.W. Meikle, Peter C. O’Brien, Stephen A. Wood, Andrew Clark, J. Graeme Houston, Karen Black, Michelle Clarkson, Stuart D’Sylva, Alan Morrison, K. Norman, Margaret Taylor, Suzanne Clements, Catriona Cohrane, Nora Gonzalez, Dominic Strachan, Claire Beith, Kirsten Moar, Lorna Murphy, Michelle Smythe, Alistair Nichol, Kathy Brickell, Inthakab Ali Mohamed Ali, Karen Beaumont, Mohamed Elsaadany, Kay Fernandes, Sameena Mohamed Ally, Harini Rangarajan, Varun Sarathy, Sivarupan Selvanayagam, Dave Vedage, Matthew White, Zoe Coton, Aricsa Mariya Joshy, Mark Blunt, Hollie Curgenven, Liam Botfield, Catherine Dexter, Aditya Kuravi, Joanne Butler, Robert B. Chadwick, Poonam Ranga, Lisa Richardson, Emma Virgilio, Maddiha Anwer, Atul Garg, Donna Botfield, Xana Marriott, Keely Stewart, Dee Mullan, Claire Phillips, Jane Gaylard, Justyna Nowak, Denise Skinner, Siân Jones, Rikki Crawley, Abigail Crew, Mishell Cunningham, Allison Daniels, Laura Harrison, Susan Hope, Nicola Lancaster, Jamie Matthews, Gemma Wray, Alice Nicholson, Ken Inweregbu, Sarah Cutts, Katharine K. 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Abstract Critical illness in COVID-19 is an extreme and clinically homogeneous disease phenotype that we have previously shown 1 to be highly efficient for discovery of genetic associations 2 . Despite the advanced stage of illness at presentation, we have shown that host genetics in patients who are critically ill with COVID-19 can identify immunomodulatory therapies with strong beneficial effects in this group 3 . Here we analyse 24,202 cases of COVID-19 with critical illness comprising a combination of microarray genotype and whole-genome sequencing data from cases of critical illness in the international GenOMICC (11,440 cases) study, combined with other studies recruiting hospitalized patients with a strong focus on severe and critical disease: ISARIC4C (676 cases) and the SCOURGE consortium (5,934 cases). To put these results in the context of existing work, we conduct a meta-analysis of the new GenOMICC genome-wide association study (GWAS) results with previously published data. We find 49 genome-wide significant associations, of which 16 have not been reported previously. To investigate the therapeutic implications of these findings, we infer the structural consequences of protein-coding variants, and combine our GWAS results with gene expression data using a monocyte transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) model, as well as gene and protein expression using Mendelian randomization. We identify potentially druggable targets in multiple systems, including inflammatory signalling ( JAK1 ), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability ( PDE4A ), immunometabolism ( SLC2A5 and AK5 ), and host factors required for viral entry and replication ( TMPRSS2 and RAB2A ).