Characterization of Vibrational Resonances of Water-Vapor Interfaces by Phase-Sensitive Sum-Frequency Spectroscopy
Phase-sensitive sum-frequency spectroscopy provides correct characterization of vibrational resonances of water-vapor interfaces and allows better identification of interfacial water species contributing to different parts of the spectra. Iodine ions emerging at an interface create a surface field that tends to reorient the more loosely bonded water molecules below the topmost layer.