Expanded encyclopaedias of DNA elements in the human and mouse genomes

Authors: Federico Abascal, Reyes Acosta, Nicholas J. Addleman, Jessika Adrian, Veena Afzal, Rizi Ai, Bronwen Aken, Jennifer A. Akiyama, Omar Al Jammal, Henry Amrhein, Stacie M. Anderson, Gregory R. Andrews, Igor Antoshechkin, Kristin Ardlie, Joel Armstrong, Matthew Astley, Budhaditya Banerjee, Amira Barkal, If H. A. Barnes, Iros Barozzi, Daniel Barrell, Gemma Barson, Daniel J. Bates, Ulugbek K. Baymuradov, Cassandra Bazile, M Beer, Samantha Beik, M. A. Bender, Ruth Bennett, Louis Philip Benoit Bouvrette, B Bernstein, Andrew Berry, Anand Bhaskar, Alexandra Bignell, Steven M. Blue, David M. Bodine, Carles A. Boix, Nathan Boley, Tyler Borrman, Beatrice Borsari, Alan P. Boyle, Laurel A. Brandsmeier, Alessandra Breschi, Emery H. Bresnick, Jason A. Brooks, Michael Buckley, Christopher B. Burge, Rachel Byron, Eileen Cahill, Lingling Cai, Lulu Cao, Mark Carty, Rosa G. Castanon, Andres Castillo, Hassan Chaı̈b, Esther T. Chan, Daniel R. Chee, Sora Chee, Hao Chen, Huaming Chen, Jiayu Chen, Songjie Chen, J. Michael Cherry, Surya B. Chhetri, Jyoti S. Choudhary, Jacqueline Chrast, Dongjun Chung, Declan Clarke, Neal Cody, Candice J. Coppola, Julie Coursen, Anthony D’Ippolito, Stephen Dalton, Cassidy Danyko, Claire Davidson, José Dávila-Velderrain, Carrie Davis, Job Dekker, Alden Deran, Gilberto DeSalvo, Gloria Despacio-Reyes, Colin N. Dewey, Diane E. Dickel, Morgan Diegel, Mark Diekhans, Vishnu Dileep, Bo Ding, Sarah Djebali, Alexander Dobin, Daniel Domı́nguez, Sarah Donaldson, Jörg Drenkow, Timothy R. Dreszer, Yotam Drier, Michael O. Duff, Douglass Dunn, Catharine Eastman, Joseph R. Ecker, Matthew D. Edwards, Nicole El-Ali, Shaimae I. Elhajjajy, Keri Elkins, Andrew Emili, Charles B. Epstein, Rachel C. Evans, Iakes Ezkurdia, Kaili Fan, Peggy Farnham, Nina Farrell, Elise A. Feingold, Anne-Maud Ferreira, Katherine Fisher-Aylor, Stephen Fitzgerald, Paul Flicek, Chuan-Sheng Foo, Kevin Fortier, Adam Frankish, Peter Freese, Shaliu Fu, Xiang‐Dong Fu, Y. Fu, Y. Fukuda, Mariateresa Fulciniti, Alister P. W. Funnell, Idan Gabdank, Timur R. Galeev, Mingshi Gao, Carlos García Girón, Tyler H. Garvin, Chelsea Gelboin-Burkhart, Grigorios Georgolopoulos, Mark Gerstein, Belinda Giardine, David K. Gifford, David M. Gilbert, Daniel A. Gilchrist, Shawn Gillespie, T Gingeras, Peng Gong, Álvaro González, José M. González, Peter J. Good, Alon Goren, David U. Gorkin, Brenton R. Graveley, Michael R. Gray, Jack Greenblatt, Ed Griffiths, Mark Groudine, Fabian Grubert, Mengting Gu, Roderic Guigó, Hongbo Guo, Yuming Guo, Yuchun Guo, Gamze Gürsoy, María Gutiérrez‐Arcelus, Jessica Halow, Ross C. Hardison, Matthew P. Hardy, Manoj Hariharan, Arif Harmanci, Anne Harrington, Jennifer Harrow, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Richard Hasz, Meital Hatan, Eric Haugen, James E. Hayes, Peng He, Yupeng He, Nastaran Heidari, David N. Hendrickson, Elisabeth F. Heuston, Jason A. Hilton, Benjamin C. Hitz, Abigail Hochman, Cory Holgren, Lei Hou, Shuyu Hou, Yun-Hua Esther Hsiao, Shanna Hsu, Hui Huang, Tim Hubbard, Jack Huey, Timothy R. Hughes, Toby Hunt, Sean Ibarrientos, Robbyn Issner, Mineo Iwata, Osagie Izuogu, Tommi Jaakkola, Nader Jameel, Camden Jansen, Lixia Jiang, Peng Jiang, Audra Johnson, Rory Johnson, Irwin Jungreis, Madhura Kadaba, Maya Kasowski, Mary Kasparian, Momoe Kato, Rajinder Kaul, Trupti Kawli, Mike Kay, Judith C. Keen, Sündüz Keleş, Cheryl A. Keller, David R. Kelley, Manolis Kellis, Pouya Kheradpour, Daniel Sunwook Kim, Anthony Kirilusha, Robert J. Klein, Birgit Knoechel, Samantha Kuan, Michael Kulik, Sushant Kumar, Anshul Kundaje, Tanya Kutyavin, Julien Lagarde, Bryan R. Lajoie, Nicole Lambert, John Lazar, Ah Young Lee, Donghoon Lee, Elizabeth Lee, Jin‐Wook Lee, Kristen Lee, Christina S. Leslie, Shawn Levy, Bin Li, Hairi Li, Nan Li, Shantao Li, Xiang-Rui Li, Yang Li, Ying Li, Yining Li, Yue Li, Jin Lian, Maxwell W. Libbrecht, Shin Lin, Yiing Lin, Dianbo Liu, Jason Liu, Peng Liu, Tingting Liu, X. Shirley Liu, Yan Liu, Yaping Liu, Maria Long, Shaoke Lou, Jane Loveland, Aiping Lu, Yuheng Lu, Éric Lécuyer, Lijia Ma, Mark Mackiewicz, Brandon J. Mannion, Michael Mannstadt, Deepa Manthravadi, Georgi K. Marinov, Fergal J. Martin, Eugenio Mattei, Kenneth McCue, Megan McEown, Graham McVicker, Sarah K. Meadows, Alex Meissner, Eric M. Mendenhall, C. Luke Messer, Wouter Meuleman, Clifford A. Meyer, Steve Miller, Matthew G. Milton, Tejaswini Mishra, Dianna E. Moore, Helen M. Moore, Jill E. Moore, Samuel H. Moore, Jennifer Moran, A Mortazavi, Jonathan M. Mudge, Nikhil Munshi, Rabi Murad, R Myers, Vivek Nandakumar, Preetha Nandi, Anil Narasimha, Aditi K. Narayanan, Hannah Naughton, Fábio C. P. Navarro, Patrick A. Navas, Jurijs Nazarovs, Jemma Nelson, Shane Neph, Fidencio Neri, Joseph R. Nery, Amy R. Nesmith, J. Scott Newberry, Kimberly M. Newberry, Vu N. Ngo, Rosy Nguyen, Thai B. Nguyen, Tung Nguyen, Andrew Nishida, William Stafford Noble, Catherine S. Novak, Eva Maria Novoa, Briana Nuñez, Charles W. O’Donnell, Sara Olson, Kathrina C. Onate, Ericka Otterman, Hakan Özadam, Michael Pagan, Tsultrim Palden, Xinghua Pan, Yong‐Jin Park, E. Christopher Partridge, Benedict Paten, Florencia Pauli, Michael J. Pazin, Baikang Pei, L Pennacchio, Alexendar R. Perez, Emily Perry, Dmitri D. Pervouchine, Nishigandha Phalke, Quan Pham, Doug Phanstiel, Ingrid Plajzer-Frick, Henry Pratt, Henry Pratt, Sebastian Preißl, Jonathan K. Pritchard, Yuri Pritykin, Michael Purcaro, Qian Qin, Giovanni Quinones-Valdez, Ines Rabano, Ernest Radovani, Anil Raj, Nisha Rajagopal, Oren Ram, Lucia Ramirez, Ricardo N. Ramírez, Dylan M. Rausch, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Joseph J. Raymond, Rozita Razavi, Timothy E. Reddy, Thomas Reimonn, Bing Ren, Alexandre Reymond, Alex Reynolds, Suhn K. Rhie, John L. Rinn, Miguel N. Rivera, Juan Carlos Rivera-Mulia, Brian S. Roberts, José Manuel Rodrı́guez, Joel Rozowsky, Russell J.H. Ryan, Eric Rynes, Denis Salins, Richard Sandstrom, Takayo Sasaki, Shashank Sathe, Daniel Savic, Alexandra Scavelli, Jonathan Scheiman, Christoph N. Schlaffner, Jeffery A. Schloss, Frank W. Schmitges, Lei Hoon See, Anurag Sethi, Manu Setty, Anthony Shafer, Shuo Shan, Eilon Sharon, Quan Shen, Yin Shen, Richard I. Sherwood, Minyi Shi, Sunyoung Shin, Noam Shoresh, Kyle Siebenthall, Cristina Sisu, Teri Slifer, Cricket A. Sloan, Anna Marie Smith, Valentina Snetkova, M Snyder, Damek V. Spacek, Sharanya Srinivasan, Rohith Srivas, George Stamatoyannopoulos, J Stamatoyannopoulos, Rebecca Stanton, Dave Steffan, Sandra Stehling-Sun, J. Seth Strattan, Amanda Su, Balaji Sundararaman, Marie‐Marthe Suner, Tahin Syed, Matt Szynkarek, Forrest Y. Tanaka, Danielle Tenen, Mingxiang Teng, Jeffrey A. Thomas, Dave Toffey, Michael L. Tress, Diane Trout, Gosia Trynka, Junko Tsuji, Sean A. Upchurch, Oana Ursu, Barbara Uszczyńska-Ratajczak, Mia C. Uziel, Alfonso Valencia, Benjamin Van Biber, Arjan G. van der Velde, Eric L. Van Nostrand, Yekaterina Vaydylevich, Jesús Vázquez, Alec Victorsen, Jost Vielmetter, Jeff Vierstra, Axel Visel, Anna Vlasova, Christopher M. Vockley, Simona Volpi, Shinny Vong, Hao Wang, Mengchi Wang, Qin Wang, Ruth Wang, Tao Wang, Wei Wang, Xiaofeng Wang, Yanli Wang, Nathaniel Watson, Xintao Wei, Zhijie Wei, Hendrik Weisser, Sherman M. Weissman, Rene Welch, Robert E. Welikson, Zhiping Weng, Harm-Jan Westra, John W. Whitaker, Collin C. White, Kevin P. White, André Wildberg, Brian A. Williams, David Wine, Heather Witt, B Wold, Maxim Y. Wolf, James C. Wright, Rui Xiao, Xinshu Xiao, Jie Xu, Jinrui Xu, Koon-Kiu Yan, Yongqi Yan, Hongbo Yang, Xinqiong Yang, Yiwen Yang, Galip Gürkan Yardımcı, Brian A. Yee, G Yeo, Taylor Young, Tianxiong Yu, Feng Yue, Chris Zaleski, Chongzhi Zang, Haoyang Zeng, Weihua Zeng, Daniel R. Zerbino, Jie Zhai, Lijun Zhan, Ye Zhan, Bo Zhang, Jialing Zhang, Jing Zhang, Kai Zhang, Lijun Zhang, Peng Zhang, Qi Zhang, Xiao‐Ou Zhang, Yanxiao Zhang, Zhizhuo Zhang, Yuan Zhao, Zheng Ye, Guoqing Zhong, Xiaoqiao Zhou, Yun Zhu, Jared Zimmerman, Jill E. Moore, Michael Purcaro, Henry Pratt, Charles B. Epstein, Noam Shoresh, Jessika Adrian, Trupti Kawli, Carrie Davis, Alexander Dobin, Rajinder Kaul, Jessica Halow, Eric L. Van Nostrand, Peter Freese, David U. Gorkin, Yin Shen, Yupeng He, Mark Mackiewicz, Florencia Pauli, Brian A. Williams, A Mortazavi, Cheryl A. Keller, Xiao‐Ou Zhang, Shaimae I. Elhajjajy, Jack Huey, Diane E. Dickel, Valentina Snetkova, Xintao Wei, Xiaofeng Wang, Juan Carlos Rivera-Mulia, Joel Rozowsky, Jing Zhang, Surya B. Chhetri, Jialing Zhang, Alec Victorsen, Kevin P. White, Axel Visel, G Yeo, Christopher B. Burge, Éric Lécuyer, David M. Gilbert, Job Dekker, John Rinn, Eric M. Mendenhall, Joseph R. Ecker, Manolis Kellis, Robert J. Klein, William Stafford Noble, Anshul Kundaje, Roderic Guigó, Peggy Farnham, J. Michael Cherry, R Myers, Bing Ren, Brenton R. Graveley, Mark B. Gerstein, L Pennacchio, M Snyder, Bradley E. Bernstein, B Wold, Ross C. Hardison, T Gingeras, J Stamatoyannopoulos, Zhiping Weng - Nature 2020 cited by 2,643

Abstract The human and mouse genomes contain instructions that specify RNAs and proteins and govern the timing, magnitude, and cellular context of their production. To better delineate these elements, phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project has expanded analysis of the cell and tissue repertoires of RNA transcription, chromatin structure and modification, DNA methylation, chromatin looping, and occupancy by transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins. Here we summarize these efforts, which have produced 5,992 new experimental datasets, including systematic determinations across mouse fetal development. All data are available through the ENCODE data portal ( https://www.encodeproject.org ), including phase II ENCODE 1 and Roadmap Epigenomics 2 data. We have developed a registry of 926,535 human and 339,815 mouse candidate cis -regulatory elements, covering 7.9 and 3.4% of their respective genomes, by integrating selected datatypes associated with gene regulation, and constructed a web-based server (SCREEN; http://screen.encodeproject.org ) to provide flexible, user-defined access to this resource. Collectively, the ENCODE data and registry provide an expansive resource for the scientific community to build a better understanding of the organization and function of the human and mouse genomes.